वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-31, verse-16

नानुतिष्ठति कार्याणि भयेषु न बिभेति च ।
क्षिप्रं राज्याच्च्युतो दीनस्तृणैस्तुल्यो भविष्यति ॥१६॥

16. nānutiṣṭhati kāryāṇi bhayeṣu na bibheti ca ,
kṣipraṃ rājyāccyuto dīnastṛṇaistulyo bhaviṣyati.

16. na anutiṣṭhati kāryāṇi bhayeṣu na bibheti ca |
kṣipram rājyāt cyutaḥ dīnaḥ tṛṇaiḥ tulyaḥ bhaviṣyati

16. yaḥ kāryāṇi na anutiṣṭhati ca bhayeṣu na bibheti,
saḥ kṣipram rājyāt cyutaḥ dīnaḥ tṛṇaiḥ tulyaḥ bhaviṣyati

16. A king who does not attend to his duties and shows no fear in dangerous situations will quickly become miserable, deprived of his kingdom, and as worthless as grass.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• अनुतिष्ठति (anutiṣṭhati) - he performs, he attends to (he performs, he executes, he observes)

• कार्याणि (kāryāṇi) - duties, tasks (duties, actions, things to be done)

• भयेषु (bhayeṣu) - in dangerous situations (in fears, in dangers)

• न (na) - not

• बिभेति (bibheti) - he fears (he fears, he is afraid)

• च (ca) - and

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, soon (quickly, swiftly, soon)

• राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from his kingdom (from the kingdom)

• च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - deprived of, fallen from (fallen, deprived of, deviated from)

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, distressed (miserable, wretched, distressed)

• तृणैः (tṛṇaiḥ) - like grass (instrumental for comparison) (by grasses, with grass)

• तुल्यः (tulyaḥ) - equal to, as worthless as (equal to, similar to, comparable)

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - he will become (he will be, he will become)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

अनुतिष्ठति (anutiṣṭhati) - he performs, he attends to (he performs, he executes, he observes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anutiṣṭha

Present tense

√sthā (to stand) with anu prefix (reduplicated for present stem)

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied (the king)

कार्याणि (kāryāṇi) - duties, tasks (duties, actions, things to be done)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of kārya

kārya - to be done, proper to be done, duty, business, action

Gerundive

From √kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भयेषु (bhayeṣu) - in dangerous situations (in fears, in dangers)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, danger

From √bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

बिभेति (bibheti) - he fears (he fears, he is afraid)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhī

Present tense

√bhī (to fear), reduplicated present stem

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject is implied (the king)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, soon (quickly, swiftly, soon)

(indeclinable)

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Adverbial usage

राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from his kingdom (from the kingdom)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, royal office

From rājan (king)

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Used with cyutaḥ

च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - deprived of, fallen from (fallen, deprived of, deviated from)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, dropped, deviated, deprived of, expelled

Past Passive Participle

From √cyu (to fall, move)

Root: cyu (class 1)

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, distressed (miserable, wretched, distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - wretched, miserable, distressed, sad, poor

Past Passive Participle

From √dai (to be exhausted, languid)

Root: dai (class 4)

तृणैः (tṛṇaiḥ) - like grass (instrumental for comparison) (by grasses, with grass)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tṛṇa

tṛṇa - grass, straw, a blade of grass

Root: tṛṇ (class 1)

तुल्यः (tulyaḥ) - equal to, as worthless as (equal to, similar to, comparable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tulya

tulya - equal, similar, like, comparable

Gerundive

From tul (to weigh, resemble)

Root: tul (class 10)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (king)

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - he will become (he will be, he will become)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Future tense

√bhū (to be), Parasmaipada

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied (the king)