वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-31, verse-22

परावमन्ता विषयेषु संगतो नदेश कालप्रविभाग तत्त्ववित् ।
अयुक्तबुद्धिर्गुणदोषनिश्चये विपन्नराज्यो न चिराद्विपत्स्यते ॥२२॥

22. parāvamantā viṣayeṣu saṃgato nadeśa kālapravibhāga tattvavit ,
ayuktabuddhirguṇadoṣaniścaye vipannarājyo na cirādvipatsyate.

22. parāvamantā viṣayeṣu saṃgataḥ |
na deśa kālapravibhāga tattvavit
| ayuktabuddhiḥ guṇadoṣaniścaye
vipannarājyaḥ na cirāt vipatsyate

22. parāvamantā viṣayeṣu saṃgataḥ na
deśa kālapravibhāga tattvavit
ayuktabuddhiḥ guṇadoṣaniścaye
vipannarājyaḥ saḥ na cirāt vipatsyate

22. One who disrespects others, is engrossed in worldly pleasures, does not understand the proper distinctions of place and time, whose intellect is unfit for discerning merits and demerits, and whose kingdom is lost, will soon perish.

Words meanings summery:

• परावमन्ता (parāvamantā) - one who disrespects others (one who insults others, despiser of others, arrogant person)

• विषयेषु (viṣayeṣu) - in worldly pleasures (in objects of sense, in spheres, in matters, in worldly affairs, in pleasures)

• संगतः (saṁgataḥ) - attached (to pleasures) (attached, joined, met, associated, come together)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• देश (deśa) - place (place, country, region)

• कालप्रविभाग (kālapravibhāga) - distinction of time (distinction of time, division of time)

• तत्त्ववित् (tattvavit) - one who understands the true nature/principles (of distinctions) (knower of truth, expert in reality, one who knows the essence)

• अयुक्तबुद्धिः (ayuktabuddhiḥ) - whose intellect is unfit (unwise, unintelligent, having an unfit intellect)

• गुणदोषनिश्चये (guṇadoṣaniścaye) - in discerning merits and demerits (in the determination of merits and demerits, in discerning good and bad)

• विपन्नराज्यः (vipannarājyaḥ) - one whose kingdom is lost (one whose kingdom is ruined/lost)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• चिरात् (cirāt) - after a long time (negated by 'na', so "not after a long time" = "soon") (for a long time, after a long time)

• विपत्स्यते (vipatsyate) - will perish (will perish, will be ruined, will fall into distress)

Words meanings and morphology

परावमन्ता (parāvamantā) - one who disrespects others (one who insults others, despiser of others, arrogant person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāvamantṛ

parāvamantṛ - insulter of others, despiser

Agent noun

From 'parā-avamanyate' (to despise others). Formed with the suffix -tṛ.

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+avamantṛ)

• para – other, another
  pronoun
• avamantṛ – despiser, scorner
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From 'ava-man' (to despise).
  Prefix: ava
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Acts as the subject of the sentence.

विषयेषु (viṣayeṣu) - in worldly pleasures (in objects of sense, in spheres, in matters, in worldly affairs, in pleasures)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of viṣaya

viṣaya - object of sense, subject, sphere, range, worldly affair, pleasure

Note: Governed by 'saṃgataḥ'.

संगतः (saṁgataḥ) - attached (to pleasures) (attached, joined, met, associated, come together)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃgata

saṁgata - attached, associated, joined

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' with prefix 'sam-' (to go, meet).

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following compound adjective.

देश (deśa) - place (place, country, region)

(noun)

masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - place, country, region

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Part of the compound 'deśa-kāla-pravibhāga-tattva-vit'.

कालप्रविभाग (kālapravibhāga) - distinction of time (distinction of time, division of time)

(noun)

masculine, singular of kālapravibhāga

kālapravibhāga - distinction of time, division of time

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+pravibhāga)

• kāla – time
  noun (masculine)
• pravibhāga – distinction, division, partition
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'bhaj' with prefixes 'pra-vi'.
  Prefixes: pra+vi
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Part of the compound 'deśa-kāla-pravibhāga-tattva-vit'.

तत्त्ववित् (tattvavit) - one who understands the true nature/principles (of distinctions) (knower of truth, expert in reality, one who knows the essence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tattvavid

tattvavid - knower of truth, expert in reality

Agent noun

From 'tattva' (truth/essence) and 'vid' (knower). 'vid' is formed from root 'vid' (to know).

Compound type : tatpurusha (tattva+vid)

• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knower, one who understands
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root 'vid' (to know) with kvin suffix (zero suffix).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: This is the head of the large compound 'deśa-kāla-pravibhāga-tattva-vit', indicating the quality of being a 'knower'.

अयुक्तबुद्धिः (ayuktabuddhiḥ) - whose intellect is unfit (unwise, unintelligent, having an unfit intellect)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ayuktabuddhi

ayuktabuddhi - unwise, having an unsuitable intellect

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'a' (not) + 'yukta' (suitable, joined) + 'buddhi' (intellect).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+yukta+buddhi)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• yukta – joined, suitable, fit, proper
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yuj' (to join, to yoke, to apply).
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'budh' (to know).
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject.

गुणदोषनिश्चये (guṇadoṣaniścaye) - in discerning merits and demerits (in the determination of merits and demerits, in discerning good and bad)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of guṇadoṣaniścaya

guṇadoṣaniścaya - determination of merits and demerits

Tatpurusha compound: 'guṇa' (merit) + 'doṣa' (demerit) + 'niścaya' (determination).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (guṇa+doṣa+niścaya)

• guṇa – quality, merit, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• doṣa – fault, defect, demerit
  noun (masculine)
• niścaya – determination, ascertainment, decision
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ci' with prefix 'nis-' (to observe, to determine).
  Prefix: nis
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Indicates the sphere in which the intellect is unfit.

विपन्नराज्यः (vipannarājyaḥ) - one whose kingdom is lost (one whose kingdom is ruined/lost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipannarājya

vipannarājya - one whose kingdom is ruined/lost

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'vipanna' (ruined, lost) + 'rājya' (kingdom).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vipanna+rājya)

• vipanna – ruined, lost, fallen into distress
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'pad' with prefix 'vi-' (to fall, to go amiss).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: pad (class 4)
• rājya – kingdom, reign, dominion
  noun (neuter)
  From 'rājan' (king).

Note: Modifies the implied subject.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'cirāt'.

चिरात् (cirāt) - after a long time (negated by 'na', so "not after a long time" = "soon") (for a long time, after a long time)

(indeclinable)

Note: With 'na', it means 'soon'.

विपत्स्यते (vipatsyate) - will perish (will perish, will be ruined, will fall into distress)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of vipad

From root 'pad' with prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: pad (class 4)