वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-16, verse-13

आसीद्दशरथो नाम राजा त्रिदशविक्रमः ।
तस्याहमग्रजः पुत्रो रामो नाम जनैः श्रुतः ॥१३॥

13. āsīddaśaratho nāma rājā tridaśavikramaḥ ,
tasyāhamagrajaḥ putro rāmo nāma janaiḥ śrutaḥ.

13. āsīt daśarathaḥ nāma rājā tridaśavikramaḥ tasya
aham agrajaḥ putraḥ rāmaḥ nāma janaiḥ śrutaḥ

13. daśarathaḥ nāma rājā tridaśavikramaḥ āsīt tasya
aham agrajaḥ putraḥ rāmaḥ nāma janaiḥ śrutaḥ

13. There was a king named Dasharatha, whose valor was like that of the gods. I am his eldest son, known among people by the name Rama.

Words meanings summery:

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was, he was

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasharatha, father of Rama (Dasharatha (proper noun))

• नाम (nāma) - used to introduce a name (named, by name, indeed)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• त्रिदशविक्रमः (tridaśavikramaḥ) - having the valor of the gods

• तस्य (tasya) - of Dasharatha (his, of him)

• अहम् (aham) - Rama speaking (I)

• अग्रजः (agrajaḥ) - elder born, eldest son/brother

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - the hero of the Ramayana (Rama (proper noun))

• नाम (nāma) - used to introduce a name (named, by name, indeed)

• जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people

• श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard, known, famous

Words meanings and morphology

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense, active voice

from as (Imperfect third singular, active voice)

Root: as (class 2)

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasharatha, father of Rama (Dasharatha (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasharatha (father of Rama)

Note: Subject of 'āsīt'

नाम (nāma) - used to introduce a name (named, by name, indeed)

(indeclinable)

The indeclinable form 'nāma' is used to mean 'named' or 'by name'. It can also function as an indeclinable particle for emphasis or 'indeed'.

Note: Used with 'Daśarathaḥ' and 'Rāmaḥ'.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'Daśarathaḥ'

त्रिदशविक्रमः (tridaśavikramaḥ) - having the valor of the gods

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tridaśavikrama

tridaśavikrama - having the prowess of gods, valorous like the gods

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tridaśa+vikrama)

• tridaśa – god, deity (literally 'three tens', referring to the 33 Vedic deities)
  noun (masculine)
• vikrama – valor, prowess, might
  noun (masculine)
  from vi + kram (to step, to stride)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rājā'

तस्य (tasya) - of Dasharatha (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Note: Refers to Dasharatha.

अहम् (aham) - Rama speaking (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asmi' (I am).

अग्रजः (agrajaḥ) - elder born, eldest son/brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agraja

agraja - elder brother, first born, eldest

from agra (front) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (agra+ja)

• agra – front, first, chief
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle suffix
  from jan (to be born) + ḍa
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'aham'.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: In apposition to 'agrajaḥ'.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - the hero of the Ramayana (Rama (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper name, particularly the hero of the Ramayana)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'aham'.

नाम (nāma) - used to introduce a name (named, by name, indeed)

(indeclinable)

The indeclinable form 'nāma' is used to mean 'named' or 'by name'. It can also function as an indeclinable particle for emphasis or 'indeed'.

Note: Used with 'Daśarathaḥ' and 'Rāmaḥ'.

जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agent of 'śrutaḥ'.

श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard, known, famous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, known, famous

Past Passive Participle

from śru + kta

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'aham'.