वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-87, verse-3

स संप्रतस्थे धर्मात्मा प्रीतो दशरथात्मजः ।
वृतो महत्या नादिन्या सेनया चतुरङ्गया ॥३॥

3. sa saṃpratasthe dharmātmā prīto daśarathātmajaḥ ,
vṛto mahatyā nādinyā senayā caturaṅgayā.

3. sa saṃpratasthe dharmātmā prītaḥ daśarathātmajaḥ
vṛtaḥ mahatyā nādinyā senayā caturaṅgayā

3. prītaḥ dharmātmā daśarathātmajaḥ saḥ mahatyā
nādinyā caturaṅgayā senayā vṛtaḥ saṃpratasthe

3. The righteous-souled (dharma) son of Daśaratha, pleased, set out, surrounded by a vast, noisy, four-limbed army.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (Rama) (he, that (masculine))

• संप्रतस्थे (saṁpratasthe) - he set out, he departed

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness

• प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, delighted, satisfied

• दशरथात्मजः (daśarathātmajaḥ) - Prince Rama (son of Daśaratha)

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, covered

• महत्या (mahatyā) - by a great, by a large

• नादिन्या (nādinyā) - by the noisy, by the roaring

• सेनया (senayā) - by the army

• चतुरङ्गया (caturaṅgayā) - by the army with its four divisions (elephants, chariots, cavalry, infantry) (by the four-limbed (army))

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (Rama) (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Daśarathātmaja (Rama).

संप्रतस्थे (saṁpratasthe) - he set out, he departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of saṃpratiṣṭhā

Perfect Middle

Perfect tense form of root sthā (to stand) with prefixes sam and pra, in the middle voice.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous-souled, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness, virtuous

Tatpurusha compound (dharma + ātman).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, moral law, intrinsic nature (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `daśarathātmajaḥ`.

प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, delighted, satisfied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīta

prīta - pleased, delighted, satisfied, beloved

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root prī (to please).

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Qualifies `daśarathātmajaḥ`.

दशरथात्मजः (daśarathātmajaḥ) - Prince Rama (son of Daśaratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśarathātmaja

daśarathātmaja - son of Daśaratha

Tatpurusha compound (Daśaratha + ātmaja).

Compound type : tatpurusha (daśaratha+ātmaja)

• daśaratha – Daśaratha (proper noun, king of Ayodhya)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, born from oneself
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ātman (self) + ja (born).

Note: Subject of `saṃpratasthe`.

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, covered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered, chosen

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛ (to cover, surround, choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies `daśarathātmajaḥ`.

महत्या (mahatyā) - by a great, by a large

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, noble

Note: Qualifies `senayā`.

नादिन्या (nādinyā) - by the noisy, by the roaring

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nādinī

nādinī - noisy, roaring, sounding

Agent Noun/Adjective

Derived from root nad (to roar, sound) + -in suffix, feminine form.

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `senayā`.

सेनया (senayā) - by the army

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, forces

Note: Instrument by which `daśarathātmajaḥ` is surrounded.

चतुरङ्गया (caturaṅgayā) - by the army with its four divisions (elephants, chariots, cavalry, infantry) (by the four-limbed (army))

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of caturaṅga

caturaṅga - having four limbs/parts/divisions

Bahuvrihi compound (catur + aṅga).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (catur+aṅga)

• catur – four
  numeral (masculine)
• aṅga – limb, division, component
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `senayā`.

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