वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-87, verse-13

कुर्वन्ति कुसुमापीडाञ् शिरःसु सुरभीनमी ।
मेघप्रकाशैः फलकैर्दाक्षिणात्या यथा नराः ॥१३॥

13. kurvanti kusumāpīḍāñ śiraḥsu surabhīnamī ,
meghaprakāśaiḥ phalakairdākṣiṇātyā yathā narāḥ.

13. kurvanti kusumāpīḍān śiraḥsu surabhīn amī
meghaprakāśaiḥ phalakaiḥ dākṣiṇātyāḥ yathā narāḥ

13. amī dākṣiṇātyāḥ narāḥ yathā meghaprakāśaiḥ
phalakaiḥ śiraḥsu surabhīn kusumāpīḍān kurvanti

13. These Southern men, just like they (adorn themselves) with cloud-shining panels, adorn their heads with fragrant flower-chaplets.

Words meanings summery:

• कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they make, they do

• कुसुमापीडान् (kusumāpīḍān) - flower chaplets, flower garlands

• शिरःसु (śiraḥsu) - on the heads

• सुरभीन् (surabhīn) - fragrant, sweet-smelling

• अमी (amī) - referring to the Southern men (these, those)

• मेघप्रकाशैः (meghaprakāśaiḥ) - cloud-shining, lustrous like clouds

• फलकैः (phalakaiḥ) - with panels, with boards, with shields

• दाक्षिणात्याः (dākṣiṇātyāḥ) - Southern people, Southerners

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• नराः (narāḥ) - men, people

Words meanings and morphology

कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they make, they do

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कुसुमापीडान् (kusumāpīḍān) - flower chaplets, flower garlands

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kusumāpīḍa

kusumāpīḍa - flower chaplet, flower garland, flower crown

Compound type : tatpurusha (kusuma+āpīḍa)

• kusuma – flower, blossom
  noun (neuter)
• āpīḍa – garland, chaplet, crown, ornament for the head
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā

शिरःसु (śiraḥsu) - on the heads

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of śiras

śiras - head

सुरभीन् (surabhīn) - fragrant, sweet-smelling

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of surabhi

surabhi - fragrant, sweet-smelling; a cow; spring season

Note: Adjective modifying `kusumāpīḍān`.

अमी (amī) - referring to the Southern men (these, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adas

adas - that, this, those, these (pronoun referring to something remote or specific)

Note: Masculine nominative plural of `adas`.

मेघप्रकाशैः (meghaprakāśaiḥ) - cloud-shining, lustrous like clouds

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of meghaprakāśa

meghaprakāśa - shining like a cloud, lustrous like a cloud

Compound type : tatpurusha (megha+prakāśa)

• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
• prakāśa – light, luster, shining, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Modifying `phalakaiḥ`.

फलकैः (phalakaiḥ) - with panels, with boards, with shields

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of phalaka

phalaka - board, plank, panel, shield, tablet

Note: The meaning "shield" or "adornment" fits the context of Southern men.

दाक्षिणात्याः (dākṣiṇātyāḥ) - Southern people, Southerners

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dākṣiṇātya

dākṣiṇātya - southern, a southerner, belonging to the South

Derived from 'dakṣiṇa' (south) with suffix 'ātya'.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

नराः (narāḥ) - men, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

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