वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-87, verse-1

तया महत्या यायिन्या ध्वजिन्या वनवासिनः ।
अर्दिता यूथपा मत्ताः सयूथाः संप्रदुद्रुवुः ॥१॥

1. tayā mahatyā yāyinyā dhvajinyā vanavāsinaḥ ,
arditā yūthapā mattāḥ sayūthāḥ saṃpradudruvuḥ.

1. tayā mahatyā yāyinyā dhvajinyā vanavāsinaḥ
arditāḥ yūthapāḥ mattāḥ sayūthāḥ saṃpradudruvuḥ

1. tayā mahatyā yāyinyā dhvajinyā vanavāsinaḥ
mattāḥ yūthapāḥ sayūthāḥ arditāḥ saṃpradudruvuḥ

1. Tormented by that vast, advancing army with its standards, the intoxicated (or 'rutting') leaders of the forest-dwelling herds (animals), along with their groups, scattered in all directions.

Words meanings summery:

• तया (tayā) - by that (army) (by that, with that)

• महत्या (mahatyā) - by the great, with the great

• यायिन्या (yāyinyā) - by the moving, by the advancing

• ध्वजिन्या (dhvajinyā) - by the army (lit. 'with standards')

• वनवासिनः (vanavāsinaḥ) - forest-dwelling animals (forest dwellers, inhabitants of the forest)

• अर्दिताः (arditāḥ) - tormented, afflicted, disturbed

• यूथपाः (yūthapāḥ) - herd leaders, chiefs of herds/flocks

• मत्ताः (mattāḥ) - in rut (referring to animals) (intoxicated, in rut, proud)

• सयूथाः (sayūthāḥ) - with their herds/groups

• संप्रदुद्रुवुः (saṁpradudruvuḥ) - they scattered, they fled in all directions

Words meanings and morphology

तया (tayā) - by that (army) (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, she, he, it

Note: Refers to `senā` implied from previous verse and qualifying `dhvajinyā`.

महत्या (mahatyā) - by the great, with the great

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, noble

Note: Qualifies `dhvajinyā`.

यायिन्या (yāyinyā) - by the moving, by the advancing

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yāyin

yāyin - going, moving, advancing

Agent Noun/Adjective

Derived from root yā (to go) + -in suffix.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `dhvajinyā`.

ध्वजिन्या (dhvajinyā) - by the army (lit. 'with standards')

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dhvajinī

dhvajinī - army (lit. 'one having standards')

Note: Agent of `arditāḥ`.

वनवासिनः (vanavāsinaḥ) - forest-dwelling animals (forest dwellers, inhabitants of the forest)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanavāsin

vanavāsin - forest-dweller, hermit, inhabitant of the forest

Compound (vana + vāsin)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+vāsin)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• vāsin – dweller, inhabitant
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  Derived from root vas (to dwell) + -in suffix.
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `yūthapāḥ`.

अर्दिताः (arditāḥ) - tormented, afflicted, disturbed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ardita

ardita - tormented, afflicted, distressed, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root ard (to pain, afflict).

Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `yūthapāḥ`.

यूथपाः (yūthapāḥ) - herd leaders, chiefs of herds/flocks

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yūthapa

yūthapa - herd leader, chief of a herd/flock

Tatpurusha compound (yūtha + pa)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – herd, flock, troop
  noun (neuter)
• pa – protector, keeper, chief (from root pā - to protect)
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root pā.
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of `saṃpradudruvuḥ`.

मत्ताः (mattāḥ) - in rut (referring to animals) (intoxicated, in rut, proud)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of matta

matta - intoxicated, drunk, mad, in rut (animals), proud

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root mad (to be mad, rejoice, be intoxicated).

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `yūthapāḥ`.

सयूथाः (sayūthāḥ) - with their herds/groups

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sayūtha

sayūtha - accompanied by a herd/group, together with the group

Bahuvrihi compound with sa (with) and yūtha (herd).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+yūtha)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• yūtha – herd, flock, troop
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `yūthapāḥ`.

संप्रदुद्रुवुः (saṁpradudruvuḥ) - they scattered, they fled in all directions

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of saṃpradru

Perfect Active

Perfect tense form of root dru (to run) with prefixes sam and pra.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: dru (class 1)

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