वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-64, verse-22

स मातामहमापृच्छ्य मातुलं च युधाजितम् ।
रथमारुह्य भरतः शत्रुघ्नसहितो ययौ ॥२२॥

22. sa mātāmahamāpṛcchya mātulaṃ ca yudhājitam ,
rathamāruhya bharataḥ śatrughnasahito yayau.

22. saḥ mātāmaham āpṛcchya mātulam ca yudhājitam
ratham āruhya bharataḥ śatrughnasahitaḥ yayau

22. saḥ bharataḥ śatrughnasahitaḥ mātāmaham ca
yudhājitam mātulam āpṛcchya ratham āruhya yayau

22. Having taken leave of his maternal grandfather and his maternal uncle Yudhājit, Bharata, accompanied by Śatrughna, mounted a chariot and departed.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Bharata (he (Bharata))

• मातामहम् (mātāmaham) - maternal grandfather

• आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - having taken leave of, having asked

• मातुलम् (mātulam) - maternal uncle

• च (ca) - and

• युधाजितम् (yudhājitam) - Yudhājit (proper name)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted, having ascended

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

• शत्रुघ्नसहितः (śatrughnasahitaḥ) - accompanied by Śatrughna

• ययौ (yayau) - he went, departed

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Bharata (he (Bharata))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bharata.

मातामहम् (mātāmaham) - maternal grandfather

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mātāmaha

mātāmaha - maternal grandfather

Note: Object of 'āpṛcchya'.

आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - having taken leave of, having asked

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'pṛcch' (to ask) with prefix 'ā' and suffix '-ya'

Prefix: ā

Root: pṛcch (class 6)

Note: Forms a compound action with 'yayau'.

मातुलम् (mātulam) - maternal uncle

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mātula

mātula - maternal uncle

Note: Object of 'āpṛcchya'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'mātāmaham' and 'mātulam'.

युधाजितम् (yudhājitam) - Yudhājit (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhājit

yudhājit - Yudhājit (name of Bharata's maternal uncle, lit. 'victory in battle')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yudhā+jit)

• yudhā – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• jit – victorious, conqueror
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (agentive usage)
  Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer) with suffix '-t'
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Appositive for 'mātulam'.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āruhya'.

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted, having ascended

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'ruh' (to ascend) with prefix 'ā' and suffix '-ya'

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound action with 'yayau'.

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of Rama's brother), one who is maintained/cherished

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

शत्रुघ्नसहितः (śatrughnasahitaḥ) - accompanied by Śatrughna

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatrughnasahita

śatrughnasahita - accompanied by Śatrughna

Compound 'śatrughna' (name) + 'sahita' (accompanied)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatrughna+sahita)

• śatrughna – Śatrughna (name of Rama's brother, lit. 'slayer of foes')
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: han (class 2)
• sahita – accompanied by, together with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from prefix 'sa' (with) + root 'dhā' (to place) + suffix '-ta'
  Prefix: sa
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'bharataḥ'.

ययौ (yayau) - he went, departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.