वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-61, verse-4

अतीता शर्वरी दुःखं या नो वर्षशतोपमा ।
अस्मिन्पञ्चत्वमापन्ने पुत्रशोकेन पार्थिवे ॥४॥

4. atītā śarvarī duḥkhaṃ yā no varṣaśatopamā ,
asminpañcatvamāpanne putraśokena pārthive.

4. atītā śarvarī duḥkham yā naḥ varṣaśataupamā
asmin pañcatvam āpanne putraśokena pārthive

4. yā śarvarī naḥ duḥkham varṣaśataupamā atītā
asmin pārthive putraśokena pañcatvam āpanne

4. That night, which seemed like a hundred years to us due to its misery, has passed, as this king (pārthiva) has reached the state of death (pañcatva) from grief over his son.

Words meanings summery:

• अतीता (atītā) - passed (referring to the night) (passed, gone by, elapsed)

• शर्वरी (śarvarī) - the night (night)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - due to its misery / miserably (sorrow, pain, misery; miserably, painfully)

• या (yā) - which (which (feminine singular nominative))

• नः (naḥ) - to us (to us, for us, our)

• वर्षशतौपमा (varṣaśataupamā) - like a hundred years

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (king) (in this, on this)

• पञ्चत्वम् (pañcatvam) - the state of death (pañcatva) (state of five elements, death)

• आपन्ने (āpanne) - having attained (death) (having attained, having reached)

• पुत्रशोकेन (putraśokena) - due to grief over his son (by sorrow for a son, due to grief for a son)

• पार्थिवे (pārthive) - in this king / for this king (in the king, on the king)

Words meanings and morphology

अतीता (atītā) - passed (referring to the night) (passed, gone by, elapsed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of atīta

atīta - passed, gone by, elapsed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'ati'.

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

शर्वरी (śarvarī) - the night (night)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śarvarī

śarvarī - night

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - due to its misery / miserably (sorrow, pain, misery; miserably, painfully)

(indeclinable)

Can function as an adverb in neuter accusative singular.

या (yā) - which (which (feminine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Relative pronoun.

नः (naḥ) - to us (to us, for us, our)

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic form of 'asmad'.

वर्षशतौपमा (varṣaśataupamā) - like a hundred years

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of varṣaśataupamā

varṣaśataupamā - comparable to a hundred years

Compound. 'varṣaśata' (hundred years) + 'upamā' (comparison/likeness).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa followed by bahuvrīhi (varṣa+śata+upamā)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• upamā – likeness, comparison, simile
  noun (feminine)
  From 'upa' (near) + root 'mā' (to measure).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Part of the relative clause.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (king) (in this, on this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

पञ्चत्वम् (pañcatvam) - the state of death (pañcatva) (state of five elements, death)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pañcatva

pañcatva - the state of being five, dissolution into five elements, death

Abstract noun from 'pañca' (five) + '-tva' suffix.

आपन्ने (āpanne) - having attained (death) (having attained, having reached)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - attained, reached, obtained, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root 'āp' (to obtain, reach) with upasarga 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction 'asmin pārthive pañcatvam āpanne'.

पुत्रशोकेन (putraśokena) - due to grief over his son (by sorrow for a son, due to grief for a son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putraśoka

putraśoka - sorrow for a son, grief for a child

Compound. 'putra' (son) + 'śoka' (grief).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+śoka)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)

पार्थिवे (pārthive) - in this king / for this king (in the king, on the king)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, ruler, earthly, territorial

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth) + '-a' suffix.

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