वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-61, verse-12

नाराजके जनपदे यज्ञशीला द्विजातयः ।
सत्राण्यन्वासते दान्ता ब्राह्मणाः संशितव्रताः ॥१२॥

12. nārājake janapade yajñaśīlā dvijātayaḥ ,
satrāṇyanvāsate dāntā brāhmaṇāḥ saṃśitavratāḥ.

12. na arājake janapade yajñaśīlāḥ dvijātayaḥ
satrāṇi anvāsate dāntāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ saṃśitavratāḥ

12. arājake janapade yajñaśīlāḥ dvijātayaḥ dāntāḥ
brāhmaṇāḥ saṃśitavratāḥ satrāṇi na anvāsate

12. In a country lacking a ruler, self-controlled Brahmins, firm in their vows, and devoted to Vedic rituals (yajña), do not perform prolonged Vedic rituals (satra).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अराजके (arājake) - in a kingless state, in a country without a ruler

• जनपदे (janapade) - in a country, in a district, in a community

• यज्ञशीलाः (yajñaśīlāḥ) - devoted to Vedic rituals, fond of Vedic rituals

• द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - Brahmins (twice-born ones, members of the three upper varṇas)

• सत्राणि (satrāṇi) - long Vedic rituals, sacrificial sessions

• अन्वासते (anvāsate) - they perform (they sit near, they perform, they observe)

• दान्ताः (dāntāḥ) - self-controlled, subdued

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins

• संशितव्रताः (saṁśitavratāḥ) - those with firm vows, those whose vows are sharpened

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as a negation for the verb 'anvāsate'.

अराजके (arājake) - in a kingless state, in a country without a ruler

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of arājaka

arājaka - kingless, without a king

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+rājan)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'janapade'.

जनपदे (janapade) - in a country, in a district, in a community

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of janapada

janapada - country, district, community, people

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+pada)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, place, step, region
  noun (neuter)

Note: Janapada can be masculine or neuter. Locative singular 'janapade' fits both.

यज्ञशीलाः (yajñaśīlāḥ) - devoted to Vedic rituals, fond of Vedic rituals

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yajñaśīla

yajñaśīla - devoted to yajña, practicing yajña

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yajña+śīla)

• yajña – Vedic ritual, sacrifice, offering
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• śīla – nature, habit, character, disposition
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'dvijātayaḥ' and 'brāhmaṇāḥ'.

द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - Brahmins (twice-born ones, members of the three upper varṇas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born, a member of the three upper varṇas

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two
  indeclinable
• jāti – birth, family, species, caste
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Synonymous with 'brāhmaṇāḥ' in this context.

सत्राणि (satrāṇi) - long Vedic rituals, sacrificial sessions

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of satra

satra - long Vedic ritual, sacrificial session, assembly

Note: Object of the verb 'anvāsate'.

अन्वासते (anvāsate) - they perform (they sit near, they perform, they observe)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of anvas

From √ās (to sit) with upasarga 'anu' (after, along, near).

Prefix: anu

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'brāhmaṇāḥ'.

दान्ताः (dāntāḥ) - self-controlled, subdued

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānta

dānta - self-controlled, subdued, tamed, calm

Past Passive Participle

From √dam (to tame, subdue).

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'brāhmaṇāḥ'.

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, belonging to Brahmā or Brahman

Note: Subject of the verb 'anvāsate'.

संशितव्रताः (saṁśitavratāḥ) - those with firm vows, those whose vows are sharpened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃśitavrata

saṁśitavrata - one whose vows are sharpened, firm in vows, resolute

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃśita+vrata)

• saṃśita – sharpened, firm, resolute
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √śo (to sharpen) with upasarga 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śo (class 4)
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'brāhmaṇāḥ'.

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