वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-61, verse-21

नाराजके जनपदे स्वकं भवति कस्य चित् ।
मत्स्या इव नरा नित्यं भक्षयन्ति परस्परम् ॥२१॥

21. nārājake janapade svakaṃ bhavati kasya cit ,
matsyā iva narā nityaṃ bhakṣayanti parasparam.

21. na arājake janapade svakam bhavati kasya cit
matsyāḥ iva narāḥ nityam bhakṣayanti parasparam

21. janapade arājake kasya cit svakam na bhavati
narāḥ matsyāḥ iva nityam parasparam bhakṣayanti

21. In a land without a ruler, nothing belongs to anyone. People constantly devour each other, just like fish.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• अराजके (arājake) - in a land without a ruler (in a kingless state, in a stateless land, without a ruler)

• जनपदे (janapade) - in a land (in a country, in a land, in a state, in a region)

• स्वकम् (svakam) - one's own property (or anything) (one's own, property, possessions)

• भवति (bhavati) - exists (is, exists, becomes, happens)

• कस्य (kasya) - of anyone (whose, of whom, of what)

• चित् (cit) - (forms 'anyone' with 'kasya') (an indefinite particle, even, if)

• मत्स्याः (matsyāḥ) - fish

• इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

• नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly (always, constantly, perpetually)

• भक्षयन्ति (bhakṣayanti) - they devour (they devour, they eat, they consume)

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other (each other, mutually, reciprocally)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

अराजके (arājake) - in a land without a ruler (in a kingless state, in a stateless land, without a ruler)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of arājaka

arājaka - kingless, without a king/ruler

From 'a' (negation) + 'rājan' (king)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+rājan)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'janapade'.

जनपदे (janapade) - in a land (in a country, in a land, in a state, in a region)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of janapada

janapada - country, land, state, population, community

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+pada)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, step, place, position, region
  noun (neuter)

स्वकम् (svakam) - one's own property (or anything) (one's own, property, possessions)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svaka

svaka - one's own, property, wealth

Note: Acts as the subject of 'bhavati'.

भवति (bhavati) - exists (is, exists, becomes, happens)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Root verb

Root: bhū (class 1)

कस्य (kasya) - of anyone (whose, of whom, of what)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Used with 'cit' to form 'anyone'.

चित् (cit) - (forms 'anyone' with 'kasya') (an indefinite particle, even, if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used after an interrogative pronoun to make it indefinite.

मत्स्याः (matsyāḥ) - fish

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of matsya

matsya - fish

इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Subject of 'bhakṣayanti'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

भक्षयन्ति (bhakṣayanti) - they devour (they devour, they eat, they consume)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhakṣ

Denominative from 'bhakṣa' (food) or secondary root from 'bhaj' (to divide, share, eat)

Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other (each other, mutually, reciprocally)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage, indicating reciprocal action.

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