वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-61, verse-17

नाराजके जनपदे वणिजो दूरगामिनः ।
गच्छन्ति क्षेममध्वानं बहुपुण्यसमाचिताः ॥१७॥

17. nārājake janapade vaṇijo dūragāminaḥ ,
gacchanti kṣemamadhvānaṃ bahupuṇyasamācitāḥ.

17. na arājake janapade vaṇijaḥ dūragāminaḥ
gacchanti kṣemam adhvānam bahupuṇyasamācitāḥ

17. arājake janapade dūragāminaḥ bahupuṇyasamācitāḥ
vaṇijaḥ kṣemam adhvānam na gacchanti

17. In a country without a ruler, merchants who travel far, even those endowed with abundant virtue, do not safely traverse their paths.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अराजके (arājake) - in a kingless, in a leaderless

• जनपदे (janapade) - in a country, in a populated region

• वणिजः (vaṇijaḥ) - merchants

• दूरगामिनः (dūragāminaḥ) - those who go far, far-traveling

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - go, travel

• क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - safety, well-being, securely

• अध्वानम् (adhvānam) - path, road, journey

• बहुपुण्यसमाचिताः (bahupuṇyasamācitāḥ) - endowed with much merit, accumulated much virtue

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अराजके (arājake) - in a kingless, in a leaderless

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of arājaka

arājaka - kingless, anarchic, without a ruler

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+rājan)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

Note: modifies janapade

जनपदे (janapade) - in a country, in a populated region

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of janapada

janapada - country, populated region, district, kingdom

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+pada)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, step, place, region
  noun (masculine)

वणिजः (vaṇijaḥ) - merchants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaṇij

vaṇij - merchant, trader

Note: subject of gacchanti

दूरगामिनः (dūragāminaḥ) - those who go far, far-traveling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dūragāmin

dūragāmin - going far, far-traveling, traveling to distant places

agent noun derived from root gam- with suffix -in

Derived from dūra (far) and gāmin (one who goes).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dūra+gāmin)

• dūra – far, distant, remote
  adjective (neuter)
• gāmin – going, moving, leading to
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  suffix -in added to root gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: modifies vaṇijaḥ

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - go, travel

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

present active third person plural

present tense, first conjugation, active voice

Root: gam (class 1)

क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - safety, well-being, securely

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣema

kṣema - safety, security, welfare, well-being

Note: Object of gacchanti, indicating the state or goal of going.

अध्वानम् (adhvānam) - path, road, journey

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - path, road, way, journey

Note: Object of gacchanti, the path itself.

बहुपुण्यसमाचिताः (bahupuṇyasamācitāḥ) - endowed with much merit, accumulated much virtue

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahupuṇyasamācita

bahupuṇyasamācita - endowed with much merit, accumulated much virtue

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+puṇya+samācita)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective (neuter)
• puṇya – merit, virtue, righteousness, good deed
  noun (neuter)
• samācita – collected, accumulated, filled with, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ci (to gather, collect) with prefix sam- and ā-
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: modifies vaṇijaḥ

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