वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-61, verse-11

नाराजके जनपदे कारयन्ति सभां नराः ।
उद्यानानि च रम्याणि हृष्टाः पुण्यगृहाणि च ॥११॥

11. nārājake janapade kārayanti sabhāṃ narāḥ ,
udyānāni ca ramyāṇi hṛṣṭāḥ puṇyagṛhāṇi ca.

11. na arājake janapade kārayanti sabhām narāḥ
| udyānāni ca ramyāṇi hṛṣṭāḥ puṇyagṛhāṇi ca

11. arājake janapade narāḥ sabhām na kārayanti hṛṣṭāḥ
narāḥ ramyāṇi udyānāni ca puṇyagṛhāṇi ca na kārayanti

11. In a country without a ruler, people do not hold assemblies. Nor do joyful people construct beautiful gardens or auspicious homes.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अराजके (arājake) - in a kingless, in an anarchic

• जनपदे (janapade) - in a country, in a region

• कारयन्ति (kārayanti) - they hold (assemblies), they construct (gardens/homes) (they cause to be made, they build, they do (causative))

• सभाम् (sabhām) - assembly, gathering, council hall

• नराः (narāḥ) - people, men

• उद्यानानि (udyānāni) - gardens, parks

• च (ca) - and

• रम्याणि (ramyāṇi) - beautiful, delightful, pleasant

• हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful, delighted, happy

• पुण्यगृहाणि (puṇyagṛhāṇi) - auspicious homes, sacred houses

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अराजके (arājake) - in a kingless, in an anarchic

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of arājaka

arājaka - kingless, anarchic, without a ruler

Formed with 'a' (negation) and 'rājan' (king) with suffix '-ka'.

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rājan)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

जनपदे (janapade) - in a country, in a region

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of janapada

janapada - country, realm, district, community

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (jana+pada)

• jana – person, people
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, place, step, region
  noun (masculine)

कारयन्ति (kārayanti) - they hold (assemblies), they construct (gardens/homes) (they cause to be made, they build, they do (causative))

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Causative Present Active

Root `kṛ` (VIII class, Parasmaipada/Ātmanepada) with causative suffix `-aya`. `kārayanti` is 3rd person plural present active.

Root: kṛ (class 0)

सभाम् (sabhām) - assembly, gathering, council hall

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, congregation, council, hall

नराः (narāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, people

Root: nṛ (class 0)

उद्यानानि (udyānāni) - gardens, parks

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of udyāna

udyāna - garden, park

From `ud` + `yā` (to go, move).

Prefix: ud

Root: yā (class 0)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

रम्याणि (ramyāṇi) - beautiful, delightful, pleasant

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of ramya

ramya - beautiful, delightful, charming, pleasant

Gerundive

From root `ram` (to enjoy, delight) + `ya` (gerundive suffix).

Root: ram (class 0)

Note: Adjective modifying `udyānāni`.

हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful, delighted, happy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - joyful, happy, pleased, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

From root `hṛṣ` (to be glad, to be thrilled).

Root: hṛṣ (class 0)

Note: Adjective modifying `narāḥ`.

पुण्यगृहाणि (puṇyagṛhāṇi) - auspicious homes, sacred houses

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of puṇyagṛha

puṇyagṛha - auspicious home, sacred house

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (puṇya+gṛha)

• puṇya – auspicious, sacred, virtuous, meritorious
  adjective (neuter)
• gṛha – house, home, dwelling
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

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