वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-6, verse-20

समेत्य संघशः सर्वे चत्वरेषु सभासु च ।
कथयन्तो मिथस्तत्र प्रशशंसुर्जनाधिपम् ॥२०॥

20. sametya saṃghaśaḥ sarve catvareṣu sabhāsu ca ,
kathayanto mithastatra praśaśaṃsurjanādhipam.

20. sametya saṅghaśaḥ sarve catvareṣu sabhāsu ca
kathayantaḥ mithaḥ tatra praśaśaṃsuḥ janādhipam

20. sarve saṅghaśaḥ catvareṣu sabhāsu ca sametya
tatra mithaḥ kathayantaḥ janādhipam praśaśaṃsuḥ

20. All of them, having gathered in groups in public squares and assembly halls, spoke among themselves there and praised the king.

Words meanings summery:

• समेत्य (sametya) - having come together, having met

• सङ्घशः (saṅghaśaḥ) - in groups, in multitudes, collectively

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• चत्वरेषु (catvareṣu) - in the squares, in the marketplaces

• सभासु (sabhāsu) - in the assemblies, in the gatherings

• च (ca) - and

• कथयन्तः (kathayantaḥ) - speaking, narrating, talking

• मिथः (mithaḥ) - mutually, among themselves

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• प्रशशंसुः (praśaśaṁsuḥ) - they praised, lauded

• जनाधिपम् (janādhipam) - the ruler of people, the king

Words meanings and morphology

समेत्य (sametya) - having come together, having met

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix sam- and root i- (to go) followed by -tvā suffix, which changes to -ya due to the prefix.

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

सङ्घशः (saṅghaśaḥ) - in groups, in multitudes, collectively

(indeclinable)

Formed from saṅgha (group) with the suffix -śaḥ (in parts, by way of).

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

चत्वरेषु (catvareṣu) - in the squares, in the marketplaces

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of catvara

catvara - a square, marketplace, public place

सभासु (sabhāsu) - in the assemblies, in the gatherings

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of sabhā

sabhā - an assembly, council, gathering hall

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कथयन्तः (kathayantaḥ) - speaking, narrating, talking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kathayat

kathayat - speaking, narrating

Present Active Participle

From root kath (to tell, speak) with present participle suffix -at.

Root: kath (class 10)

मिथः (mithaḥ) - mutually, among themselves

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad (that) with suffix -tra (locative sense).

प्रशशंसुः (praśaśaṁsuḥ) - they praised, lauded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-śaṃs

Perfect tense

Reduplicated perfect form of root śaṃs with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

जनाधिपम् (janādhipam) - the ruler of people, the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - ruler of people, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – people, man
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• adhipa – ruler, lord
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

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