वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-6, verse-18

प्रकाशीकरणार्थं च निशागमनशङ्कया ।
दीपवृक्षांस्तथा चक्रुरनु रथ्यासु सर्वशः ॥१८॥

18. prakāśīkaraṇārthaṃ ca niśāgamanaśaṅkayā ,
dīpavṛkṣāṃstathā cakruranu rathyāsu sarvaśaḥ.

18. prakāśīkaraṇārtham ca niśāgamanaśaṅkayā
dīpavṛkṣān tathā cakruḥ anu rathyāsu sarvaśaḥ

18. ca niśāgamanaśaṅkayā prakāśīkaraṇārtham
tathā dīpavṛkṣān anu rathyāsu sarvaśaḥ cakruḥ

18. And for illumination, fearing the arrival of night, they similarly erected lamp-posts everywhere along the streets.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रकाशीकरणार्थम् (prakāśīkaraṇārtham) - for the purpose of illumination (for the purpose of illumination, for making bright)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• निशागमनशङ्कया (niśāgamanaśaṅkayā) - fearing the arrival of night (due to the fear of night's arrival, from the apprehension of nightfall)

• दीपवृक्षान् (dīpavṛkṣān) - lamp-posts (lamp-posts, lamp-trees)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they erected (they made, they did)

• अनु (anu) - along (after, along, according to, towards (preposition/prefix))

• रथ्यासु (rathyāsu) - along the streets (on the streets, in the roads)

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - everywhere (everywhere, completely, on all sides)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रकाशीकरणार्थम् (prakāśīkaraṇārtham) - for the purpose of illumination (for the purpose of illumination, for making bright)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prakāśīkaraṇa+artha)

• prakāśīkaraṇa – illumination, making visible
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kāś (to shine) with prefix pra and causative suffix -ī, then -karaṇa (making).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kāś (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts adverbially to express purpose.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

निशागमनशङ्कया (niśāgamanaśaṅkayā) - fearing the arrival of night (due to the fear of night's arrival, from the apprehension of nightfall)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of niśāgamanaśaṅkā

niśāgamanaśaṅkā - fear of night's arrival

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+āgamana+śaṅkā)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• āgamana – arrival, coming
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix ā and suffix -ana.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)
• śaṅkā – fear, apprehension, doubt
  noun (feminine)
  Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Note: Indicates reason/cause.

दीपवृक्षान् (dīpavṛkṣān) - lamp-posts (lamp-posts, lamp-trees)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dīpavṛkṣa

dīpavṛkṣa - lamp-tree, lamp-post

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dīpa+vṛkṣa)

• dīpa – lamp, light
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dīp (class 4)
• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of cakruḥ.

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

(indeclinable)

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they erected (they made, they did)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (Lit) of kṛ

Perfect Active

3rd person plural, perfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अनु (anu) - along (after, along, according to, towards (preposition/prefix))

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition governing rathyāsu.

रथ्यासु (rathyāsu) - along the streets (on the streets, in the roads)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of rathyā

rathyā - street, road, highway

Note: Governed by anu.

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - everywhere (everywhere, completely, on all sides)

(indeclinable)

Derived from sarva (all) with the suffix -śaḥ indicating 'in all parts'.

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