वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-50, verse-9

एष क्रोशति नत्यूहस्तं शिखी प्रतिकूजति ।
रमणीये वनोद्देशे पुष्पसंस्तरसंकटे ॥९॥

9. eṣa krośati natyūhastaṃ śikhī pratikūjati ,
ramaṇīye vanoddeśe puṣpasaṃstarasaṃkaṭe.

9. eṣaḥ krośati natyūhaḥ tam śikhī pratikūjati
ramaṇīye vanoddeśe puṣpasaṃstarasaṅkaṭe

9. eṣaḥ natyūhaḥ krośati śikhī tam pratikūjati
ramaṇīye puṣpasaṃstarasaṅkaṭe vanoddeśe

9. This curlew calls out, and the peacock echoes its cry. This happens in a charming forest area, dense with a carpet of flowers.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, he

• क्रोशति (krośati) - cries, calls out, shouts

• नत्यूहः (natyūhaḥ) - curlew, a kind of water bird

• तम् (tam) - the curlew (him, it, that)

• शिखी (śikhī) - peacock

• प्रतिकूजति (pratikūjati) - coos in return, echoes, answers

• रमणीये (ramaṇīye) - charming, beautiful, delightful

• वनोद्देशे (vanoddeśe) - in the forest region/spot

• पुष्पसंस्तरसङ्कटे (puṣpasaṁstarasaṅkaṭe) - dense with flower beds, crowded with flower carpets

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'natyūhaḥ'.

क्रोशति (krośati) - cries, calls out, shouts

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kruś

Present Tense, Active Voice

3rd person singular, present tense, parasmaipada.

Root: kruś (class 1)

नत्यूहः (natyūhaḥ) - curlew, a kind of water bird

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of natyūha

natyūha - a kind of water-bird, curlew

Note: Subject of 'krośati'.

तम् (tam) - the curlew (him, it, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'pratikūjati'.

शिखी (śikhī) - peacock

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhin

śikhin - having a crest, peacock

Derived from śikhā (crest) + -in.

Note: Subject of 'pratikūjati'.

प्रतिकूजति (pratikūjati) - coos in return, echoes, answers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pratikūj

Present Tense, Active Voice

3rd person singular, present tense, parasmaipada.

Prefix: prati

Root: kūj (class 1)

रमणीये (ramaṇīye) - charming, beautiful, delightful

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of ramaṇīya

ramaṇīya - charming, delightful, beautiful

Gerundive/Passive Future Participle

Derived from √ram 'to delight in' with suffix -anīya.

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vanoddeśe'.

वनोद्देशे (vanoddeśe) - in the forest region/spot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vanoddeśa

vanoddeśa - forest region, part of a forest

Sandhi of vana + uddeśa.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+uddeśa)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• uddeśa – region, place, direction, specification
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √diś 'to point, show' with prefix 'ud'.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Refers to the location where the birds are.

पुष्पसंस्तरसङ्कटे (puṣpasaṁstarasaṅkaṭe) - dense with flower beds, crowded with flower carpets

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of puṣpasaṃstarasaṅkaṭa

puṣpasaṁstarasaṅkaṭa - dense/crowded with flower beds/carpets

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puṣpasaṃstara+saṅkaṭa)

• puṣpa – flower, blossom
  noun (neuter)
• saṃstara – bed, layer, carpet (spread out)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √stṛ 'to spread' with 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: stṛ (class 9)
• saṅkaṭa – dense, crowded, narrow, difficult
  adjective (neuter)
  From √kaṭ 'to cover, enclose' with 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kaṭ (class 1)