वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-50, verse-1

अथ रात्र्यां व्यतीतायामवसुप्तमनन्तरम् ।
प्रबोधयामास शनैर्लक्ष्मणं रघुनन्दनः ॥१॥

1. atha rātryāṃ vyatītāyāmavasuptamanantaram ,
prabodhayāmāsa śanairlakṣmaṇaṃ raghunandanaḥ.

1. atha rātryām vyatītāyām avasuptam anantaram
prabodhayāmāsa śanaiḥ lakṣmaṇam raghunandanaḥ

1. atha rātryām vyatītāyām raghunandanaḥ śanaiḥ
avasuptam anantaram lakṣmaṇam prabodhayāmāsa

1. Then, as the night passed, Rama, the joy of the Raghu dynasty (raghunandanaḥ), gently awoke Lakshmana, who had been sleeping beside him.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - as the night (in the night, during the night)

• व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - had passed (passed, elapsed)

• अवसुप्तम् (avasuptam) - who had been sleeping (sleeping, asleep)

• अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - nearby, beside him (immediately following, next, nearby)

• प्रबोधयामास (prabodhayāmāsa) - he awoke (he awoke, he caused to awaken)

• शनैः (śanaiḥ) - gently (slowly, gently, gradually)

• लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakshmana (Lakshmana (name of Rama's brother))

• रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Rama, the joy of the Raghu dynasty (joy of the Raghus, descendant of Raghu (an epithet for Rama))

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - as the night (in the night, during the night)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with `vyatītāyām`.

व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - had passed (passed, elapsed)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vyatītā

vyatītā - passed, elapsed, gone by

Past Passive Participle

Feminine form of `vyatīta`, from root `i` (2P) 'to go' with prefixes `vi` and `ati`.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

अवसुप्तम् (avasuptam) - who had been sleeping (sleeping, asleep)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avasupta

avasupta - asleep, sleeping, fallen asleep

Past Passive Participle

From root `svap` (2P) 'to sleep' with prefix `ava`.

Prefix: ava

Root: svap (class 2)

अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - nearby, beside him (immediately following, next, nearby)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anantara

anantara - having no interval, contiguous, immediate, next, nearby

Negation `an` + `antara` (interval).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+antara)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• antara – interval, interior, difference
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies `lakṣmaṇam` (as in Lakshmana who was near).

प्रबोधयामास (prabodhayāmāsa) - he awoke (he awoke, he caused to awaken)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of budh

Causative, Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Causative stem `bodhaya` from root `budh` (1P, 4A), with prefix `pra`. Formed with periphrastic perfect suffix `āmāsa`.

Prefix: pra

Root: budh (class 1)

शनैः (śanaiḥ) - gently (slowly, gently, gradually)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental plural of `śana` used adverbially.

लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakshmana (Lakshmana (name of Rama's brother))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (name of the son of Sumitrā and brother of Rāma)

Note: Object of `prabodhayāmāsa`.

रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Rama, the joy of the Raghu dynasty (joy of the Raghus, descendant of Raghu (an epithet for Rama))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raghunandana

raghunandana - joy of Raghu, descendant of Raghu, son of Raghu (an epithet of Rama)

Tatpuruṣa compound: `raghu` (name of a king, an ancestor of Rama) + `nandana` (causing joy, son).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – Raghu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delight, causing joy
  noun (masculine)
  From root `nand` (1A) 'to rejoice'.
  Root: nand (class 1)