वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-2, verse-31

अभ्यन्तरश्च बाह्यश्च पौरजानपदो जनः ।
स्त्रियो वृद्धास्तरुण्यश्च सायंप्रातः समाहिताः ॥३१॥

31. abhyantaraśca bāhyaśca paurajānapado janaḥ ,
striyo vṛddhāstaruṇyaśca sāyaṃprātaḥ samāhitāḥ.

31. abhyantaraḥ ca bāhyaḥ ca paurajānapadaḥ janaḥ |
striyaḥ vṛddhāḥ taruṇyaḥ ca sāyamprātaḥ samāhitāḥ

31. paurajānapadaḥ janaḥ abhyantaraḥ ca bāhyaḥ ca
striyaḥ vṛddhāḥ ca taruṇyaḥ ca sāyamprātaḥ samāhitāḥ

31. Both the internal and external populace, consisting of city dwellers and country folk, as well as women, old and young, are attentive both in the evening and in the morning.

Words meanings summery:

• अभ्यन्तरः (abhyantaraḥ) - those within (the city/palace) (internal, inner, inside)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• बाह्यः (bāhyaḥ) - those outside (the city/palace) (external, outer, outside)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पौरजानपदः (paurajānapadaḥ) - citizens and country folk (belonging to city and country, citizens and country folk)

• जनः (janaḥ) - people, populace (person, people, man)

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women (women, wives)

• वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - old (women) (old, aged, grown)

• तरुण्यः (taruṇyaḥ) - young (women) (young, youthful (females))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सायम्प्रातः (sāyamprātaḥ) - in the evening and morning (evening and morning)

• समाहिताः (samāhitāḥ) - attentive, composed (for worship) (concentrated, intent, composed, calm)

Words meanings and morphology

अभ्यन्तरः (abhyantaraḥ) - those within (the city/palace) (internal, inner, inside)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyantara

abhyantara - internal, inner, within, inside

Prefix: abhi

Root: antar

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

बाह्यः (bāhyaḥ) - those outside (the city/palace) (external, outer, outside)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāhya

bāhya - external, outer, outside, foreign

Root: bahis

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पौरजानपदः (paurajānapadaḥ) - citizens and country folk (belonging to city and country, citizens and country folk)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paurajānapada

paurajānapada - citizen and country dweller, relating to city and country

Compound type : dvandva (paura+jānapada)

• paura – citizen, urban
  noun (masculine)
• jānapada – country dweller, rural
  noun (masculine)

जनः (janaḥ) - people, populace (person, people, man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, mankind, individual

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Though singular, often used to refer to a collective body of people.

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women (women, wives)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - old (women) (old, aged, grown)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased, augmented

Past Passive Participle

from root 'vṛdh' (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

तरुण्यः (taruṇyaḥ) - young (women) (young, youthful (females))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of taruṇī

taruṇī - young woman, youthful female

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सायम्प्रातः (sāyamprātaḥ) - in the evening and morning (evening and morning)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : dvandva (sāyam+prātaḥ)

• sāyam – in the evening
  indeclinable
• prātaḥ – in the morning
  indeclinable

Note: Functions adverbially.

समाहिताः (samāhitāḥ) - attentive, composed (for worship) (concentrated, intent, composed, calm)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of samāhita

samāhita - concentrated, attentive, composed, tranquil, prepared, fixed

Past Passive Participle

from root 'dhā' with upasargas 'sam-ā'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Used predicatively, modifying the collective subjects implicitly.

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