वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-2, verse-24

यदा व्रजति संग्रामं ग्रामार्थे नगरस्य वा ।
गत्वा सौमित्रिसहितो नाविजित्य निवर्तते ॥२४॥

24. yadā vrajati saṃgrāmaṃ grāmārthe nagarasya vā ,
gatvā saumitrisahito nāvijitya nivartate.

24. yadā vrajati saṅgrāmam grāmārthe nagarasya vā
gatvā saumitrisahitaḥ na avijitya nivartate

24. yadā saumitrisahitaḥ grāmārthe vā nagarasya saṅgrāmam vrajati gatvā,
saḥ avijitya na nivartate

24. Whenever he, accompanied by the son of Sumitrā (Saumitri), goes to battle for a village or a city, he does not return without conquering.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - whenever (when, whenever)

• व्रजति (vrajati) - goes (goes, moves, proceeds)

• सङ्ग्रामम् (saṅgrāmam) - to battle (battle, war, encounter)

• ग्रामार्थे (grāmārthe) - for the sake of a village

• नगरस्य (nagarasya) - of a city

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• सौमित्रिसहितः (saumitrisahitaḥ) - accompanied by the son of Sumitrā (Saumitri) (accompanied by Saumitri, with Lakṣmaṇa)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अविजित्य (avijitya) - without conquering (without conquering, without defeating)

• निवर्तते (nivartate) - returns (returns, comes back, ceases)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - whenever (when, whenever)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal conjunction.

व्रजति (vrajati) - goes (goes, moves, proceeds)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vraj

root vraj, class 1

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is Rāma.

सङ्ग्रामम् (saṅgrāmam) - to battle (battle, war, encounter)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, encounter

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vrajati'.

ग्रामार्थे (grāmārthe) - for the sake of a village

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of grāmārtha

grāmārtha - purpose of a village, for a village

Compound type : tatpurusha (grāma+artha)

• grāma – village
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used in the sense of 'for the purpose of'.

नगरस्य (nagarasya) - of a city

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Implied: 'for the sake of a city' (with arthe).

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'grāmārthe' and 'nagarasya'.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

absolutive

absolutive from root gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Indicates a prior action.

सौमित्रिसहितः (saumitrisahitaḥ) - accompanied by the son of Sumitrā (Saumitri) (accompanied by Saumitri, with Lakṣmaṇa)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saumitrisahita

saumitrisahita - accompanied by Saumitri

Compound type : tatpurusha (saumitri+sahita)

• saumitri – son of Sumitrā (Lakṣmaṇa)
  proper noun (masculine)
  patronymic from Sumitrā
• sahita – accompanied, together with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root sah with prefix sa-
  Prefix: sa
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Describes the implied subject Rāma.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the action of returning without conquering.

अविजित्य (avijitya) - without conquering (without conquering, without defeating)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

absolutive of root ji with prefix vi, negated by 'a'

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vijitya)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• vijitya – having conquered
  indeclinable
  absolutive (gerund)
  absolutive of root ji with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Expresses a condition.

निवर्तते (nivartate) - returns (returns, comes back, ceases)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

root vṛt, class 1, with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is Rāma.