वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-71, verse-5

भ्राता यवीयान्धर्मज्ञ एष राजा कुशध्वजः ।
अस्य धर्मात्मनो राजन् रूपेणाप्रतिमं भुवि ।
सुताद्वयं नरश्रेष्ठ पत्न्यर्थं वरयामहे ॥५॥

5. bhrātā yavīyāndharmajña eṣa rājā kuśadhvajaḥ ,
asya dharmātmano rājan rūpeṇāpratimaṃ bhuvi ,
sutādvayaṃ naraśreṣṭha patnyarthaṃ varayāmahe.

5. bhrātā yavīyān dharmajnaḥ eṣaḥ rājā
kuśadhvajaḥ | asya dharmātmanaḥ rājan
rūpeṇa apratimam bhuvi | sutādvayam
narashreṣṭha patnyartham varayāmahe

5. rājan eṣaḥ (mama) yavīyān bhrātā rājā
kuśadhvajaḥ dharmjñaḥ (asti) asya dharmātmanaḥ
sutādvayam bhuvi rūpeṇa apratimam (asti)
narashreṣṭha (vayam tāḥ) patnyartham varayāmahe

5. O king (rājan), this is my younger brother, King Kuśadhvaja, a knower of (natural law) dharma. Of this righteous (dharmātman) king, his two daughters, O best among men (narashreṣṭha), are unrivaled in beauty (rūpeṇa) on earth (bhuvi). We seek them for wives (patnī-artha).

Words meanings summery:

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• यवीयान् (yavīyān) - younger, younger brother

• धर्मज्नः (dharmajnaḥ) - knower of (natural law) dharma (knower of dharma, righteous, virtuous)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• कुशध्वजः (kuśadhvajaḥ) - Janaka's younger brother (Kushadhvaja (proper name))

• अस्य (asya) - of this (Kuśadhvaja) (of this, his)

• धर्मात्मनः (dharmātmanaḥ) - of this righteous (man) (of the righteous-souled, of the one whose soul is dharma)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• रूपेण (rūpeṇa) - in terms of beauty (by form, by beauty, in terms of appearance)

• अप्रतिमम् (apratimam) - incomparable, unrivaled, unequalled

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

• सुताद्वयम् (sutādvayam) - two daughters, a pair of daughters

• नरस्ह्रेष्ठ (narashreṣṭha) - O best among men

• पत्न्यर्थम् (patnyartham) - for wives (for the purpose of wives, as wives)

• वरयामहे (varayāmahe) - we seek (as in to marry) (we choose, we request, we ask for)

Words meanings and morphology

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

R-stem noun.

यवीयान् (yavīyān) - younger, younger brother

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yavīyas

yavīyas - younger, youngest, more or most youthful

Comparative/superlative suffix -īyas.

Root: yuv

धर्मज्नः (dharmajnaḥ) - knower of (natural law) dharma (knower of dharma, righteous, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajna

dharmajna - knowing dharma, righteous, virtuous

From dharma + √jñā (to know).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective
  From root √jñā with suffix -a
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Acts as an epithet for Kuśadhvaja.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem word.

Root: rāj (class 1)

कुशध्वजः (kuśadhvajaḥ) - Janaka's younger brother (Kushadhvaja (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśadhvaja

kuśadhvaja - Kushadhvaja (name of Janaka's younger brother)

Literally 'one whose banner is kusha grass'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kuśa+dhvaja)

• kuśa – kusha grass (Poa cynosuroides), sacred grass
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)

अस्य (asya) - of this (Kuśadhvaja) (of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Kuśadhvaja.

धर्मात्मनः (dharmātmanaḥ) - of this righteous (man) (of the righteous-souled, of the one whose soul is dharma)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose soul is dharma, righteous, virtuous

Derived from dharma + ātman. N-stem word.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – soul, self, essence, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'asya', referring to Kuśadhvaja.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem word.

Root: rāj (class 1)

रूपेण (rūpeṇa) - in terms of beauty (by form, by beauty, in terms of appearance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, beauty, appearance, figure

Note: Indicates means or respect.

अप्रतिमम् (apratimam) - incomparable, unrivaled, unequalled

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apratima

apratima - incomparable, unequalled, unrivaled

From a- (negation) + pratima (image, likeness, equal).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pratima)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• pratima – image, likeness, equal, resembling
  noun
  from prati + √mā
  Prefix: prati
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with an implied 'rūpam' (beauty) or can be a predicate to 'sutādvayam' (neuter singular collective).

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, world, place

U-stem feminine noun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

सुताद्वयम् (sutādvayam) - two daughters, a pair of daughters

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sutādvaya

sutādvaya - two daughters, a pair of daughters

From sutā (daughter) + dvaya (pair).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sutā+dvaya)

• sutā – daughter
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine form of suta (son), from √sū.
  Root: sū (class 2)
• dvaya – pair, couple, duality
  noun (neuter)
  From dvi (two).

Note: Collective noun referring to two individuals.

नरस्ह्रेष्ठ (narashreṣṭha) - O best among men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narashreṣṭha

narashreṣṭha - best of men, chief among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent), from pra + √śaṃs
  Root: śas (class 2)

पत्न्यर्थम् (patnyartham) - for wives (for the purpose of wives, as wives)

(indeclinable)

Compound with artha (purpose, sake).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (patnī+artha)

• patnī – wife, mistress of a house
  noun (feminine)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, thing
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage.

वरयामहे (varayāmahe) - we seek (as in to marry) (we choose, we request, we ask for)

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vṛ

present indicative, middle voice

Root √vṛ, 1st person plural present, middle voice (ātmanepada), often appearing as 10th class or causative stem.

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: The implied subject is 'we' (Janaka and his family/ministers).