वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-71, verse-19

तमापृष्ट्वा नरपतिं राजा दशरथस्तदा ।
मुनीन्द्रौ तौ पुरस्कृत्य जगामाशु महायशाः ॥१९॥

19. tamāpṛṣṭvā narapatiṃ rājā daśarathastadā ,
munīndrau tau puraskṛtya jagāmāśu mahāyaśāḥ.

19. tam āpṛṣṭvā narapatim rājā daśarathaḥ tadā
munīndrau tau puraskṛtya jagāma āśu mahāyaśāḥ

19. tada mahāyaśāḥ rājā daśarathaḥ tam narapatim āpṛṣṭvā,
tau munīndrau puraskṛtya,
āśu jagāma.

19. Having bid farewell to that king (narapati), King Daśaratha, the greatly renowned one, then quickly departed, leading those two chief sages (munīndrau).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that king (him, that)

• आपृष्ट्वा (āpṛṣṭvā) - having bid farewell (having asked, having bid farewell, having taken leave)

• नरपतिम् (narapatim) - that king (king, lord of men)

• राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (king, ruler)

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Daśaratha, father of Rama (Daśaratha (name of a king))

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• मुनीन्द्रौ (munīndrau) - the two great sages, referring to Viśvāmitra and another (possibly Vasiṣṭha or a disciple) (two chief sages, two excellent ascetics)

• तौ (tau) - those two chief sages (those two)

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having made them lead, leading them (having placed in front, having made a leader, having honoured)

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he departed

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - greatly famous, very glorious, highly renowned

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that king (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Masculine accusative singular.

Note: Object of āpṛṣṭvā, referring to the king who was addressed.

आपृष्ट्वा (āpṛṣṭvā) - having bid farewell (having asked, having bid farewell, having taken leave)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from ā- (towards) + root pṛch (to ask).

Prefix: ā

Root: pṛch (class 6)

नरपतिम् (narapatim) - that king (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narapati

narapati - king, lord of men, sovereign

Tatpuruṣa compound: nara (man) + pati (lord). Masculine accusative singular.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+pati)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct object of the absolutive āpṛṣṭvā.

राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Masculine nominative singular.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Daśaratha.

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Daśaratha, father of Rama (Daśaratha (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (a celebrated king of Ayodhyā, father of Rāma)

Masculine nominative singular. Lit. 'having ten chariots'.

Note: Appositive to rājā.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronoun tad.

Note: Indicates the timing of the action.

मुनीन्द्रौ (munīndrau) - the two great sages, referring to Viśvāmitra and another (possibly Vasiṣṭha or a disciple) (two chief sages, two excellent ascetics)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of munīndra

munīndra - chief of sages, lord among ascetics, great sage

Tatpuruṣa compound: muni (sage) + indra (chief, lord). Masculine nominative/accusative dual.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (muni+indra)

• muni – sage, ascetic, seer, saint
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, best, lord; name of the king of gods
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the absolutive puraskṛtya.

तौ (tau) - those two chief sages (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Masculine nominative/accusative dual.

Note: Agrees with munīndrau.

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having made them lead, leading them (having placed in front, having made a leader, having honoured)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) with 'lyap' suffix.

Formed from puras- (in front) + root kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of gam

Perfect Tense, 3rd person singular

From root gam, 1st class (bhū). Perfect stem formed by reduplication.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The subject is rājā daśarathaḥ.

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of adjective.

Note: Adverb of manner.

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - greatly famous, very glorious, highly renowned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - greatly famous, glorious, renowned, celebrated

Bahuvrīhi compound: mahā (great) + yaśas (fame). Masculine nominative singular.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty, excellent
  adjective
• yaśas – fame, glory, honor, renown
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies rājā daśarathaḥ.