वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-71, verse-21

गवां शतसहस्राणि ब्राह्मणेभ्यो नराधिपः ।
एकैकशो ददौ राजा पुत्रानुद्धिश्य धर्मतः ॥२१॥

21. gavāṃ śatasahasrāṇi brāhmaṇebhyo narādhipaḥ ,
ekaikaśo dadau rājā putrānuddhiśya dharmataḥ.

21. gavām śatasahasrāṇi brāhmaṇebhyaḥ narādhipaḥ
ekaikaśaḥ dadau rājā putrān uddiśya dharmataḥ

21. narādhipaḥ rājā dharmataḥ putrān uddiśya,
ekaikaśaḥ gavām śatasahasrāṇi brāhmaṇebhyaḥ dadau.

21. The lord of men (narādhipaḥ), the king, gave hundreds of thousands of cows to the Brahmins, one by one, for the sake of his sons and in accordance with his intrinsic nature (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows, of cattle

• शतसहस्राणि (śatasahasrāṇi) - many thousands (of cows) (hundreds of thousands)

• ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - to the Brahmins

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - King Daśaratha (king, lord of men, sovereign)

• एकैकशः (ekaikaśaḥ) - one by one, individually, singly

• ददौ (dadau) - he gave, he granted

• राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (king)

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

• उद्दिश्य (uddiśya) - for the sake of, with reference to (having aimed at, having targeted, for the sake of, concerning)

• धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - according to his intrinsic nature (dharma), in accordance with his righteous character (according to dharma, righteously, justly, according to one's intrinsic nature)

Words meanings and morphology

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows, of cattle

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Feminine genitive plural. Irregular stem.

Note: Specifies what the hundreds of thousands are.

शतसहस्राणि (śatasahasrāṇi) - many thousands (of cows) (hundreds of thousands)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śatasahasra

śatasahasra - a hundred thousand, hundreds of thousands

Tatpuruṣa compound: śata (hundred) + sahasra (thousand). Neuter nominative/accusative plural.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śata+sahasra)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Object of dadau.

ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - to the Brahmins

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, member of the priestly class; relating to Brahman

Masculine dative/ablative plural.

Note: Indicates the recipients of the gift.

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - King Daśaratha (king, lord of men, sovereign)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men, sovereign

Tatpuruṣa compound: nara (man) + adhipa (ruler). Masculine nominative singular.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, chief, lord
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi- (over) + root pā (to protect, rule).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

एकैकशः (ekaikaśaḥ) - one by one, individually, singly

(indeclinable)

Formed by reduplication of eka (one), suffixed with -śaḥ (denoting distribution).

Note: Modifies dadau.

ददौ (dadau) - he gave, he granted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of dā

Perfect Tense, 3rd person singular

From root dā, 3rd class (juhotī). Perfect stem formed by reduplication.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject is rājā narādhipaḥ.

राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Masculine nominative singular.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Appositive to narādhipaḥ.

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

Masculine accusative plural.

Note: The object for whose sake the action is performed.

उद्दिश्य (uddiśya) - for the sake of, with reference to (having aimed at, having targeted, for the sake of, concerning)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) with 'lyap' suffix.

From ud- (up) + diś (to point, show).

Prefix: ud

Root: diś (class 6)

धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - according to his intrinsic nature (dharma), in accordance with his righteous character (according to dharma, righteously, justly, according to one's intrinsic nature)

(indeclinable)

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support), suffixed with -tas to form an adverb.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies dadau.