वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-71, verse-16

तथा ब्रुवति वैदेहे जनके रघुनन्दनः ।
राजा दशरथो हृष्टः प्रत्युवाच महीपतिम् ॥१६॥

16. tathā bruvati vaidehe janake raghunandanaḥ ,
rājā daśaratho hṛṣṭaḥ pratyuvāca mahīpatim.

16. tathā bruvati vaidehe janake raghunandanaḥ |
rājā daśarathaḥ hṛṣṭaḥ pratyuvāca mahīpatim

16. janake vaidehe tathā bruvati raghunandanaḥ
rājā daśarathaḥ hṛṣṭaḥ mahīpatim pratyuvāca

16. While Janaka, the King of Videha, was speaking thus, King Daśaratha, a gladdened descendant of Raghu, replied to that lord of the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• ब्रुवति (bruvati) - while speaking (speaking, saying)

• वैदेहे (vaidehe) - King of Videha (referring to Janaka) (in the king of Videha, to the Videhan)

• जनके (janake) - Janaka (the king) (in Janaka, to Janaka)

• रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - descendant of Raghu (referring to Daśaratha) (descendant of Raghu, delight of Raghu)

• राजा (rājā) - King

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Daśaratha (Daśaratha)

• हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - gladdened, delighted (delighted, glad, joyful)

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (replied, answered)

• महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - to the lord of the earth (Janaka) (to the lord of the earth, to the king)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवति (bruvati) - while speaking (speaking, saying)

(nominal form)

Locative, masculine, singular of brū

brū - to speak, say, tell

Present Active Participle

Locative singular masculine of the present participle of root brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

वैदेहे (vaidehe) - King of Videha (referring to Janaka) (in the king of Videha, to the Videhan)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaideha

vaideha - belonging to Videha, a king of Videha, a native of Videha

Derived from Videha (name of a country/kingdom).

Note: Agrees with `janake` in the locative absolute construction.

जनके (janake) - Janaka (the king) (in Janaka, to Janaka)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of janaka

janaka - Janaka (proper name of a king of Videha, father of Sītā); father, generator

From root jan- "to be born, produce".

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Forms a locative absolute with `bruvati`.

रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - descendant of Raghu (referring to Daśaratha) (descendant of Raghu, delight of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raghunandana

raghunandana - descendant of Raghu, joy of Raghu, son of Raghu (epithet for members of Raghu dynasty like Rāma, Daśaratha)

Compound of Raghu (proper name) and nandana (son, delight).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – Raghu (proper name of an ancient king, ancestor of Rāma)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, child, delight-giver
  noun (masculine)
  From root nand- "to rejoice".
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `rājā` and `daśarathaḥ`.

राजा (rājā) - King

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root rāj- "to rule, shine".

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `daśarathaḥ`.

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Daśaratha (Daśaratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (name of Rama's father, king of Ayodhyā)

हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - gladdened, delighted (delighted, glad, joyful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, glad, thrilled, happy

Past Passive Participle

From root hṛṣ- "to be stiff, stand on end" (hair), hence to be thrilled, delighted.

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (replied, answered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, Active voice

From prefix prati- and root vac-. Third person singular perfect.

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The prefix `prati` means "in return, against".

महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - to the lord of the earth (Janaka) (to the lord of the earth, to the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king

Compound of mahī (earth) and pati (lord, master).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
  Root: mah (class 10)
• pati – lord, master, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `pratyuvāca`.