वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-71, verse-20

स गत्वा निलयं राजा श्राद्धं कृत्वा विधानतः ।
प्रभाते काल्यमुत्थाय चक्रे गोदानमुत्तमम् ॥२०॥

20. sa gatvā nilayaṃ rājā śrāddhaṃ kṛtvā vidhānataḥ ,
prabhāte kālyamutthāya cakre godānamuttamam.

20. sa gatvā nilayam rājā śrāddham kṛtvā vidhānataḥ
prabhāte kālyam utthāya cakre godānam uttamam

20. saḥ rājā nilayam gatvā,
vidhānataḥ śrāddham kṛtvā,
prabhāte kālyam utthāya,
uttamam godānam cakre.

20. That king, having gone to his abode and performed the ancestral rites (śrāddha) according to the prescribed rules, rose early in the morning and performed an excellent cow-gift (dāna).

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that king (Daśaratha) (he, that)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

• निलयम् (nilayam) - abode, dwelling, home

• राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (king)

• श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - ancestral rites, śrāddha ceremony

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

• विधानतः (vidhānataḥ) - according to rule, properly, methodically

• प्रभाते (prabhāte) - in the morning, at dawn

• काल्यम् (kālyam) - early (in the morning) (early, at dawn, timely)

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up

• चक्रे (cakre) - he performed (the cow-gift) (he made, he did, he performed)

• गोदानम् (godānam) - the ritualistic gift of cows (gift of cows, donation of cattle)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that king (Daśaratha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Masculine nominative singular.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund).

Formed from root gam (to go) with suffix -tvā.

Root: gam (class 1)

निलयम् (nilayam) - abode, dwelling, home

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nilaya

nilaya - abode, dwelling place, house, home

From ni- (down) + root lī (to cling, hide).

Prefix: ni

Root: lī (class 4)

Note: Object of gatvā.

राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Masculine nominative singular.

Root: rāj (class 1)

श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - ancestral rites, śrāddha ceremony

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śrāddha

śrāddha - faith, confidence; a funeral ceremony, ancestral offering (śrāddha)

Neuter accusative singular.

Note: The ancestral rite itself.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund).

From root kṛ (to do) with suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विधानतः (vidhānataḥ) - according to rule, properly, methodically

(indeclinable)

From vi- (apart) + dhā- (to place). Suffixed with -tas to form an adverb.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies kṛtvā.

प्रभाते (prabhāte) - in the morning, at dawn

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of prabhāta

prabhāta - dawn, morning, daybreak

Past Passive Participle of pra-bhā (to shine forth).

Neuter locative singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Specifies when the action took place.

काल्यम् (kālyam) - early (in the morning) (early, at dawn, timely)

(indeclinable)

Neuter accusative singular, used adverbially.

Note: Modifies utthāya.

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) with 'lyap' suffix.

From ut- (up) + root sthā (to stand).

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

चक्रे (cakre) - he performed (the cow-gift) (he made, he did, he performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect past (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect Tense, 3rd person singular, Middle voice

From root kṛ, 8th class (tan). Perfect stem formed by reduplication. Atmanepada.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The subject is sa rājā.

गोदानम् (godānam) - the ritualistic gift of cows (gift of cows, donation of cattle)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of godāna

godāna - gift of a cow, donation of cattle (a religious act)

Tatpuruṣa compound: go (cow) + dāna (gift). Neuter accusative singular.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+dāna)

• go – cow, ox, cattle
  noun (masculine/feminine)
• dāna – gift, donation, giving, liberality (dāna)
  noun (neuter)
  From root dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 1)

Note: Object of cakre.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - best, excellent, supreme, highest

Neuter accusative singular. Superlative of ud- (up).

Note: Agrees with godānam.