वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-53, verse-1

कामधेनुं वसिष्ठो ऽपि यदा न त्यजते मुनिः ।
तदास्य शबलां राम विश्वामित्रो ऽन्वकर्षत ॥१॥

1. kāmadhenuṃ vasiṣṭho'pi yadā na tyajate muniḥ ,
tadāsya śabalāṃ rāma viśvāmitro'nvakarṣata.

1. kāmadhenum vasiṣṭhaḥ api yadā na tyajate muniḥ
tadā asya śabalām rāma viśvāmitraḥ anvakarṣata

1. rāma yadā muniḥ vasiṣṭhaḥ api kāmadhenum na
tyajate tadā viśvāmitraḥ asya śabalām anvakarṣata

1. When even the sage Vasiṣṭha would not give up the wish-fulfilling cow (Kāmadhenu), then Viśvāmitra, O Rāma, forcibly seized his cow Śabalā.

Words meanings summery:

• कामधेनुम् (kāmadhenum) - the wish-fulfilling cow

• वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha (a celebrated sage)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

• न (na) - not, no

• त्यजते (tyajate) - he would not give up (he abandons, he gives up)

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Vasiṣṭha) (his, of him)

• शबलाम् (śabalām) - the cow Śabalā (Śabalā (a particular cow), variegated)

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (a celebrated sage and king)

• अन्वकर्षत (anvakarṣata) - he forcibly seized (he dragged, he forcibly seized)

Words meanings and morphology

कामधेनुम् (kāmadhenum) - the wish-fulfilling cow

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kāmadhenu

kāmadhenu - wish-fulfilling cow, cow of plenty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+dhenu)

• kāma – wish, desire
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• dhenu – milch cow
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to the mythical cow Śabalā, often identified with Kāmadhenu.

वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha (a celebrated sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vasiṣṭha (name of a Vedic sage), most excellent

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

त्यजते (tyajate) - he would not give up (he abandons, he gives up)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, contemplative

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Vasiṣṭha) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

शबलाम् (śabalām) - the cow Śabalā (Śabalā (a particular cow), variegated)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śabalā

śabalā - Śabalā (name of Vasiṣṭha's cow), variegated, brindled (feminine)

Note: The proper name of Vasiṣṭha's wish-fulfilling cow, often equated with Kāmadhenu.

राम (rāma) - O Rāma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a king, hero of Rāmāyaṇa), pleasant, charming

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (a celebrated sage and king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (name of a sage who was originally a king), friend of all

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, universal
  adjective (neuter)
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

अन्वकर्षत (anvakarṣata) - he forcibly seized (he dragged, he forcibly seized)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of anukṛṣ

Prefix: anu

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)