वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-53, verse-18

तस्या हुम्भारवोत्सृष्टाः पह्लवाः शतशो नृप ।
नाशयन्ति बलं सर्वं विश्वामित्रस्य पश्यतः ॥१८॥

18. tasyā humbhāravotsṛṣṭāḥ pahlavāḥ śataśo nṛpa ,
nāśayanti balaṃ sarvaṃ viśvāmitrasya paśyataḥ.

18. tasyā humbhārava utsṛṣṭāḥ pahlavāḥ śataśaḥ nṛpa
nāśayanti balam sarvam viśvāmitrasya paśyataḥ

18. nṛpa tasyā humbhārava utsṛṣṭāḥ śataśaḥ pahlavāḥ
viśvāmitrasya paśyataḥ sarvam balam nāśayanti

18. O King, the Pahlavas, unleashed by her with hundreds of roars, destroyed Viśvāmitra's entire army as he watched.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्या (tasyā) - referring to Kāmā (the cow of plenty) (by her, of her)

• हुम्भारव (humbhārava) - the sound made by the cow Kāmā (with a roar, by roaring sound)

• उत्सृष्टाः (utsṛṣṭāḥ) - The Pahlavas were created/released by the cow (released, sent forth, created, discharged)

• पह्लवाः (pahlavāḥ) - A specific army/tribe created by Kāmā. (Pahlavas (a warrior tribe))

• शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds, hundreds of

• नृप (nṛpa) - Addressing Prince Rama (O King)

• नाशयन्ति (nāśayanti) - they destroy, they are destroying

• बलम् (balam) - Viśvāmitra's army (army, force, strength)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire, whole

• विश्वामित्रस्य (viśvāmitrasya) - of Viśvāmitra

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while Viśvāmitra was watching (seeing, while watching, of the one watching)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्या (tasyā) - referring to Kāmā (the cow of plenty) (by her, of her)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agent of utsṛṣṭāḥ.

हुम्भारव (humbhārava) - the sound made by the cow Kāmā (with a roar, by roaring sound)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of humbhārava

humbhārava - the sound 'hum', a roaring sound, bellow

Compound of hum (onomatopoeic sound) and bhārava (a roar/sound).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (hum+bhārava)

• hum – exclamation, sound
  indeclinable
  Onomatopoeic.
• bhārava – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhā (to shine/appear) or bhṛ (to bear) + suffix.
  Root: bhā

Note: Can be treated as an adverbial instrumental, 'by means of sound'.

उत्सृष्टाः (utsṛṣṭāḥ) - The Pahlavas were created/released by the cow (released, sent forth, created, discharged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of utsṛṣṭa

utsṛṣṭa - emitted, created, discharged, released

Past Passive Participle

From ud (up, out) + root sṛj (to create, emit).

Prefix: ud

Root: sṛj (class 6)

पह्लवाः (pahlavāḥ) - A specific army/tribe created by Kāmā. (Pahlavas (a warrior tribe))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pahlava

pahlava - Pahlava (name of a people, often identified with Persians)

Note: Subject of nāśayanti.

शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds, hundreds of

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from śata (hundred) with śas suffix.

Note: Modifies pahlavāḥ or utsṛṣṭāḥ.

नृप (nṛpa) - Addressing Prince Rama (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person, human
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: The narrator is addressing Rama.

नाशयन्ति (nāśayanti) - they destroy, they are destroying

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of naś

Causal form (class 10 nāśayati)

From root naś (to perish) with causal suffix -ay.

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: The action of the Pahlavas.

बलम् (balam) - Viśvāmitra's army (army, force, strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire, whole

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Universal pronoun/adjective.

विश्वामित्रस्य (viśvāmitrasya) - of Viśvāmitra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - a celebrated ancient sage

Note: Possessive, modifies balam.

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while Viśvāmitra was watching (seeing, while watching, of the one watching)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking, watching

Present Active Participle

From root dṛś (to see), with present stem paśya-.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with viśvāmitrasya, indicating a simultaneous action.

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