वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-29, verse-19

विगृह्य सुमहच्चास्त्रमाग्नेयं रघुनन्दनः ।
सुबाहुरसि चिक्षेप स विद्धः प्रापतद्भुवि ॥१९॥

19. vigṛhya sumahaccāstramāgneyaṃ raghunandanaḥ ,
subāhurasi cikṣepa sa viddhaḥ prāpatadbhuvi.

19. vigṛhya sumahat ca astram āgneyam raghunandanaḥ
subāhuḥ asi cikṣepa sa viddhaḥ prāpatat bhuvi

19. raghunandanaḥ sumahat ca āgneyam astram vigṛhya
subāhuḥ asi cikṣepa sa viddhaḥ bhuvi prāpatat

19. Rāma (raghunandana), the joy of the Raghu dynasty, having taken up the very mighty Agneya missile, hurled it at Subāhu. Pierced by it, he (Subāhu) fell to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• विगृह्य (vigṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having taken up

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, mighty, very large

• च (ca) - and

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile

• आग्नेयम् (āgneyam) - Describes the missile as being associated with or empowered by Agni, the fire god. (fiery, relating to Agni)

• रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Rāma, the delight of Raghu

• सुबाहुः (subāhuḥ) - The demon Subāhu, who is the target of Rāma's weapon, despite appearing in the nominative case here due to unusual phrasing in the original text. Grammatically, it should be accusative. (Subāhu (name of a rākṣasa))

• असि (asi) - This word presents significant ambiguity. It is parsed as a distinct word from the Devanagari, but its grammatical role as either 'sword' or 'you are' does not fit coherently with the rest of the sentence (Rāma throwing a weapon at Subāhu). In the translation, its meaning has been absorbed into the contextual interpretation of 'at Subāhu', acknowledging possible textual corruption or poetic license in the source. (sword (noun); you are (verb))

• चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - threw, hurled, cast

• स (sa) - Referring to Subāhu. (he, that one)

• विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - pierced, wounded, struck

• प्रापतत् (prāpatat) - fell down, collapsed

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

Words meanings and morphology

विगृह्य (vigṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having taken up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from the root grah 'to seize' with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: grah (class 9)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, mighty, very large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, mighty, very large

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, arrow

आग्नेयम् (āgneyam) - Describes the missile as being associated with or empowered by Agni, the fire god. (fiery, relating to Agni)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āgneya

āgneya - fiery, relating to Agni, belonging to Agni

रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Rāma, the delight of Raghu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raghunandana

raghunandana - delight of Raghu, descendant of Raghu (epithet for Rāma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – Raghu (name of an ancient king, ancestor of Rāma)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – delight, son, gladdening
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nand (class 1)

सुबाहुः (subāhuḥ) - The demon Subāhu, who is the target of Rāma's weapon, despite appearing in the nominative case here due to unusual phrasing in the original text. Grammatically, it should be accusative. (Subāhu (name of a rākṣasa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of subāhu

subāhu - Subāhu (name of a Rākṣasa)

Note: Although `subāhuḥ` is grammatically nominative here, the context of the verse (Rāma throwing a weapon and Subāhu being pierced) strongly implies that Subāhu is the object of the verb 'threw'. This might indicate a textual variant or a syntactical compression.

असि (asi) - This word presents significant ambiguity. It is parsed as a distinct word from the Devanagari, but its grammatical role as either 'sword' or 'you are' does not fit coherently with the rest of the sentence (Rāma throwing a weapon at Subāhu). In the translation, its meaning has been absorbed into the contextual interpretation of 'at Subāhu', acknowledging possible textual corruption or poetic license in the source. (sword (noun); you are (verb))

(indeclinable)

Note: The word 'asi' here is problematic. If taken as 'sword', it makes little sense in context (Rāma is throwing an Agneya missile, not a sword, and Subāhu is pierced by it). If taken as 'you are', it is grammatically incongruent with the third-person verb 'cikṣepa' (threw). It is likely a textual corruption, an archaic form, or a metrical filler from the source, and is treated as an indeclinable placeholder for parsing purposes.

चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - threw, hurled, cast

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of cikṣepa

Perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person singular, active voice (reduplicated form).

Root: kṣip (class 6)

स (sa) - Referring to Subāhu. (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - pierced, wounded, struck

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viddha

viddha - pierced, wounded, struck, hit

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root vyadh 'to pierce, to strike'.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

प्रापतत् (prāpatat) - fell down, collapsed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prāpatat

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. From root pat with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land

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