वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-29, verse-1

अथ तौ देशकालज्ञौ राजपुत्रावरिंदमौ ।
देशे काले च वाक्यज्ञावब्रूतां कौशिकं वचः ॥१॥

1. atha tau deśakālajñau rājaputrāvariṃdamau ,
deśe kāle ca vākyajñāvabrūtāṃ kauśikaṃ vacaḥ.

1. atha tau deśa-kāla-jñau rāja-putrau ariṃ-damau
deśe kāle ca vākya-jñau abrutām kauśikam vacaḥ

1. atha tau rāja-putrau ariṃ-damau deśa-kāla-jñau ca
deśe kāle vākya-jñau (santaḥ) kauśikam vacaḥ abrutām

1. Then, those two princes, suppressors of enemies, knowledgeable of place and time, and knowing what to say, spoke these words to Kauśika (Viśvāmitra) at the right place and time.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• तौ (tau) - those two

• देश-काल-ज्ञौ (deśa-kāla-jñau) - knowledgeable of place and time, sagacious

• राज-पुत्रौ (rāja-putrau) - the two princes, the two sons of the king

• अरिं-दमौ (ariṁ-damau) - the two suppressors of enemies, vanquishers of foes

• देशे (deśe) - in the place, at the proper place

• काले (kāle) - at the time, at the proper time

• च (ca) - and, also

• वाक्य-ज्ञौ (vākya-jñau) - knowledgeable of words, knowing what to say, eloquent

• अब्रुताम् (abrutām) - spoke, said

• कौशिकम् (kauśikam) - to Kauśika, to Viśvāmitra

• वचः (vacaḥ) - these words (word, speech)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa.

देश-काल-ज्ञौ (deśa-kāla-jñau) - knowledgeable of place and time, sagacious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of deśa-kāla-jña

deśa-kāla-jña - knowing place and time, sagacious

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (deśa+kāla+jña)

• deśa – place, region, country
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'rāja-putrau'.

राज-पुत्रौ (rāja-putrau) - the two princes, the two sons of the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rāja-putra

rāja-putra - prince, son of a king

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अरिं-दमौ (ariṁ-damau) - the two suppressors of enemies, vanquishers of foes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ariṃ-dama

ariṁ-dama - subduer of enemies, vanquisher of foes

Compound type : Upapada-Tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – taming, subduing
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √dam (to tame)
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'rāja-putrau'.

देशे (deśe) - in the place, at the proper place

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - place, region, country

काले (kāle) - at the time, at the proper time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'deśe' and 'kāle'.

वाक्य-ज्ञौ (vākya-jñau) - knowledgeable of words, knowing what to say, eloquent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vākya-jña

vākya-jña - knowing what to say, eloquent

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vākya+jña)

• vākya – speech, word, sentence
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'rāja-putrau'.

अब्रुताम् (abrutām) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, Imperfect Past (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Dual subject ('rāja-putrau').

कौशिकम् (kauśikam) - to Kauśika, to Viśvāmitra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kauśika

kauśika - descendant of Kuśika, Viśvāmitra

Note: Object of 'abrutām'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - these words (word, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Note: Object of 'abrutām'.