वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-17, verse-18

यदा हि हयमारूढो मृगयां याति राघवः ।
तदैनं पृष्ठतो ऽभ्येति सधनुः परिपालयन् ॥१८॥

18. yadā hi hayamārūḍho mṛgayāṃ yāti rāghavaḥ ,
tadainaṃ pṛṣṭhato'bhyeti sadhanuḥ paripālayan.

18. yadā hi hayam ārūḍhaḥ mṛgayām yāti rāghavaḥ tadā
enam pṛṣṭhataḥ abhyeti sadhanuḥ paripālayan

18. hi yadā rāghavaḥ hayam āruḍhaḥ mṛgayām yāti,
tadā (lakṣmaṇaḥ) enam pṛṣṭhataḥ sadhanuḥ paripālayan abhyeti

18. Indeed, whenever Rama, a descendant of Raghu, mounted a horse and went hunting, Lakshmana would then follow him from behind, protecting him with his bow.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• हयम् (hayam) - horse

• आरूढः (ārūḍhaḥ) - mounted, ascended, riding

• मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - hunting, the chase

• याति (yāti) - goes, proceeds

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Raghu)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• एनम् (enam) - Rama (him)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, at his back

• अभ्येति (abhyeti) - approaches, follows, goes towards

• सधनुः (sadhanuḥ) - with his bow, bearing a bow

• परिपालयन् (paripālayan) - protecting, guarding, preserving

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

हयम् (hayam) - horse

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of haya

haya - horse

आरूढः (ārūḍhaḥ) - mounted, ascended, riding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārūḍha

ārūḍha - mounted, ascended, risen, ridden

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ruh' (to ascend, grow) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - hunting, the chase

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā

mṛgayā - hunting, the chase, sport

याति (yāti) - goes, proceeds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, patronymic of Rama

Derived from Raghu with 'aṇ' suffix

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - Rama (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, he, she, it (used as a pronominal stem)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, at his back

(indeclinable)

Taddhita suffix -tas (meaning 'from', 'at the side of')

अभ्येति (abhyeti) - approaches, follows, goes towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of abhi-i

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

सधनुः (sadhanuḥ) - with his bow, bearing a bow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sadhanus

sadhanus - having a bow, with a bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+dhanus)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)

परिपालयन् (paripālayan) - protecting, guarding, preserving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paripālayat

paripālayat - protecting, guarding, cherishing

Present Active Participle

From causative of root 'pāl' (to protect) with prefix 'pari'

Prefix: pari

Root: pāl (class 10)

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