बृहत्-पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रम् bṛhat-pārāśara-horā-śāstram - chapter-1, verse-4

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कथं सृष्टिरियं जाता जगतश्च लयः कथम् ।
खस्थानां भूस्थतानां च सम्बन्धं वद विस्तरात् ॥४॥

4. kathaṃ sṛṣṭiriyaṃ jātā jagataśca layaḥ katham .
khasthānāṃ bhūsthatānāṃ ca sambandhaṃ vada vistarāt.

4. katham sṛṣṭiḥ iyam jātā jagataḥ ca layaḥ katham
khasthānām bhūsthatānām ca sambandham vada vistarāt

4. How did this creation come into being, and how does the dissolution of the world (jagat) occur? Please explain in detail the connection between celestial bodies (khasthānām) and terrestrial beings/phenomena (bhūsthatānām).

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

कथम् (katham) - An interrogative adverb seeking an explanation for the origin of creation. (how, in what manner)

सृष्टिः (sṛṣṭiḥ) - Refers to the act or process of cosmic creation. (creation, emanation, production)

इयम् (iyam) - Refers to the specific creation being discussed, i.e., the current universe. (this (feminine))

जाता (jātā) - Functions as the main verb, asking about the manner of creation's occurrence. (originated, born, happened, came to be)

जगतः (jagataḥ) - Refers to the entire created universe. (of the world, of moving beings)

च (ca) - Connects the question about creation with the question about dissolution. (and)

लयः (layaḥ) - Refers to the cyclical destruction or absorption of the universe. (dissolution, absorption, merging)

कथम् (katham) - An interrogative adverb seeking an explanation for the process of dissolution. (how, in what manner)

खस्थानाम् (khasthānām) - Refers to planets, stars, and other astronomical entities. (of those situated in the sky, of celestial bodies)

भूस्थतानाम् (bhūsthatānām) - Refers to living beings, events, and effects on the earth, in contrast to celestial bodies. (of those situated on earth, of terrestrial beings/phenomena)

च (ca) - Connects celestial bodies with terrestrial beings/phenomena. (and)

सम्बन्धम् (sambandham) - Maitreya asks about the astrological correlation between celestial movements and earthly events. (connection, relationship, correlation)

वद (vada) - Maitreya's request for detailed explanation from Parashara. (speak, tell, explain)

विस्तरात् (vistarāt) - Maitreya requests a comprehensive and thorough explanation. (in detail, expansively, at length)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - An interrogative adverb seeking an explanation for the origin of creation. (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

सृष्टिः (sṛṣṭiḥ) - Refers to the act or process of cosmic creation. (creation, emanation, production)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sṛṣṭi

sṛṣṭi - creation, production, emanation, nature

From root `sṛj` (to create, emit) + suffix `kti`.

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Subject of the verb `jātā`.

इयम् (iyam) - Refers to the specific creation being discussed, i.e., the current universe. (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

जाता (jātā) - Functions as the main verb, asking about the manner of creation's occurrence. (originated, born, happened, came to be)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, become, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root `jan` (to be born, produced) + suffix `kta`.

Root: jan (class 4)

जगतः (jagataḥ) - Refers to the entire created universe. (of the world, of moving beings)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - moving, living, the world, the universe

Present Active Participle

From root `gam` (to go) + reduplication, forming a present participle, used as a noun.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Possessive for `layaḥ`.

च (ca) - Connects the question about creation with the question about dissolution. (and)

(indeclinable)

लयः (layaḥ) - Refers to the cyclical destruction or absorption of the universe. (dissolution, absorption, merging)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of laya

laya - dissolution, merging, absorption, destruction, rest

From root `lī` (to dissolve, merge).

Root: lī (class 4)

कथम् (katham) - An interrogative adverb seeking an explanation for the process of dissolution. (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

खस्थानाम् (khasthānām) - Refers to planets, stars, and other astronomical entities. (of those situated in the sky, of celestial bodies)

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of khastha

khastha - situated in the sky, celestial, inhabiting the air

Compound: `kha` (sky/space) + `stha` (standing/situated).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kha+stha)

kha – sky, ether, space
noun (neuter)
stha – standing, situated, residing
adjective (masculine)
From root `sthā` (to stand).
Root: sthā (class 1)

भूस्थतानाम् (bhūsthatānām) - Refers to living beings, events, and effects on the earth, in contrast to celestial bodies. (of those situated on earth, of terrestrial beings/phenomena)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of bhūsthatā

bhūsthatā - condition of being on earth, terrestrial quality, earthly existence

Derived from `bhūstha` (earth-situated) + `tā` (suffix for abstract nouns).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhū+stha+tā)

bhū – earth, ground
noun (feminine)
stha – standing, situated, residing
adjective (masculine)
From root `sthā` (to stand).
Root: sthā (class 1)
tā – suffix for abstract nouns, state, quality
suffix (feminine)

च (ca) - Connects celestial bodies with terrestrial beings/phenomena. (and)

(indeclinable)

सम्बन्धम् (sambandham) - Maitreya asks about the astrological correlation between celestial movements and earthly events. (connection, relationship, correlation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sambandha

sambandha - connection, relation, relationship, union

From `sam-bandh` (to tie together).

Prefix: sam

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Object of the imperative verb `vada`.

वद (vada) - Maitreya's request for detailed explanation from Parashara. (speak, tell, explain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Imperative Active

Root `vad` in the 1st class, imperative mood, 2nd person singular.