महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-40, verse-5

कर्णिकारमिवोद्धूतं वातेन मथितं नगात् ।
भ्रातरं निहतं दृष्ट्वा राजन्कर्णो व्यथां ययौ ॥५॥

5. karṇikāramivoddhūtaṁ vātena mathitaṁ nagāt ,
bhrātaraṁ nihataṁ dṛṣṭvā rājankarṇo vyathāṁ yayau.

5. karṇikāram iva uddhūtam vātena mathitam nagāt
bhrātaram nihatam dṛṣṭvā rājan karṇaḥ vyathām yayau

5. rājan karṇaḥ vātena nagāt mathitam uddhūtam karṇikāram iva nihatam bhrātaram dṛṣṭvā vyathām yayau.

5. O King, seeing his brother killed, fallen like a karṇikāra tree uprooted and cast down from a mountain by the wind, Karṇa became deeply distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्णिकारम् (karṇikāram) - karṇikāra tree

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• उद्धूतम् (uddhūtam) - uprooted (by the wind) (uprooted, shaken up)

• वातेन (vātena) - by the wind

• मथितम् (mathitam) - thrown down (from a mountain) (churned, thrown down, shattered)

• नगात् (nagāt) - from a mountain (from a mountain, from a tree)

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - his (Karṇa's) brother (brother)

• निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, struck down

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

• व्यथाम् (vyathām) - distress, agitation

• ययौ (yayau) - he went into (distress), he became (distressed) (he went, he attained)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्णिकारम् (karṇikāram) - karṇikāra tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇikāra

karṇikāra - karṇikāra tree (Cassia fistula, known for its yellow flowers)

Note: Object of comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

उद्धूतम् (uddhūtam) - uprooted (by the wind) (uprooted, shaken up)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uddhūta

uddhūta - uprooted, shaken, tossed up

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root 'dhū' (to shake) with prefix 'ud'

Prefix: ud

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'karṇikāram', and implicitly 'bhrātaram' by simile.

वातेन (vātena) - by the wind

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāta

vāta - wind, air

Note: Agent of 'uddhūtam' and 'mathitam'.

मथितम् (mathitam) - thrown down (from a mountain) (churned, thrown down, shattered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mathita

mathita - churned, crushed, agitated, thrown down

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root 'math' (to churn/crush)

Root: math (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'karṇikāram', and implicitly 'bhrātaram' by simile.

नगात् (nagāt) - from a mountain (from a mountain, from a tree)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of naga

naga - mountain, tree

Note: Indicates separation from a mountain.

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - his (Karṇa's) brother (brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, slain

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root 'han' (to strike/kill) with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'bhrātaram'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form using suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Connects the action of seeing to the main verb 'yayau'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a warrior)

व्यथाम् (vyathām) - distress, agitation

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vyathā

vyathā - distress, pain, agitation, fear

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Object of 'yayau'.

ययौ (yayau) - he went into (distress), he became (distressed) (he went, he attained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect (Liṭ)

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, Perfect tense

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Combined with 'vyathām' means 'became distressed'.