महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-40, verse-22

तं तदा नानुपश्याम सैन्येन रजसावृतम् ।
आददानं गजाश्वानां नृणां चायूंषि भारत ॥२२॥

22. taṁ tadā nānupaśyāma sainyena rajasāvṛtam ,
ādadānaṁ gajāśvānāṁ nṛṇāṁ cāyūṁṣi bhārata.

22. tam tadā na anupaśyāma sainyena rajasā āvṛtam
ādadānam gajāśvānām nṛṇām ca āyūṃṣi bhārata

22. bhārata tadā sainyena rajasā āvṛtam tam
gajāśvānām nṛṇām ca āyūṃṣi ādadānam na anupaśyāma

22. O Bhārata, at that time, we could not see him, covered as he was by the dust raised by the army, as he took away the lifespans of elephants, horses, and men.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुपश्याम (anupaśyāma) - we saw, we perceived

• सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, by passion, by gloom

• आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, enveloped, concealed

• आददानम् (ādadānam) - taking away, seizing, carrying off

• गजाश्वानाम् (gajāśvānām) - of elephants and horses

• नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men, of human beings

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• आयूंषि (āyūṁṣi) - lifespans, lives

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अनुपश्याम (anupaśyāma) - we saw, we perceived

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of anupaś

Imperfect, 1st person plural, active voice. The root dṛś changes to paśya in the present stem.

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, military, host

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, by passion, by gloom

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, pollen, gloom, passion, quality of activity

आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, enveloped, concealed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, concealed, enveloped

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root vṛ with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

आददानम् (ādadānam) - taking away, seizing, carrying off

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ādadāna

ādadāna - taking, seizing, receiving, carrying off

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Present participle of root dā with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

गजाश्वानाम् (gajāśvānām) - of elephants and horses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gajāśva

gajāśva - elephants and horses

Compound type : dvandva (gaja+aśva)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men, of human beings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ

nṛ - man, person, hero

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

आयूंषि (āyūṁṣi) - lifespans, lives

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of āyus

āyus - life, lifespan, vital power, duration of life

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to India