महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-40, verse-10

तावकानां तु योधानां वध्यतां निशितैः शरैः ।
अन्यत्र सैन्धवाद्राजन्न स्म कश्चिदतिष्ठत ॥१०॥

10. tāvakānāṁ tu yodhānāṁ vadhyatāṁ niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ ,
anyatra saindhavādrājanna sma kaścidatiṣṭhata.

10. tāvakānām tu yodhānām vadhyatām niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ
anyatra saindhavāt rājan na sma kaścit atiṣṭhata

10. rājan tāvakānām yodhānām tu niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ
vadhyatām saindhavāt anyatra kaścit na sma atiṣṭhata

10. O King, your warriors were indeed being killed by sharp arrows. No one could stand firm, except for Saindhava.

Words meanings summery:

• तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of yours, of your people, of your side

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• योधानाम् (yodhānām) - of warriors, of soldiers

• वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - were being killed, were slain

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp, by sharpened

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere, otherwise, in another place, except

• सैन्धवात् (saindhavāt) - from Saindhava

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• न (na) - not, no

• स्म (sma) - indeed, truly, used to, (denotes past action when used with present tense)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, someone, any, some

• अतिष्ठत (atiṣṭhata) - stood, remained, remained firm

Words meanings and morphology

तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of yours, of your people, of your side

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you, of your side

derived from tava (your) + ka (suffix)

Note: refers to Duryodhana's side

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

योधानाम् (yodhānām) - of warriors, of soldiers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, soldier, fighter

from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - were being killed, were slain

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadhya

vadhya - to be killed, killable

Gerundive (passive participle expressing obligation or fitness)

Root vadh (to strike, kill) + suffix -ya

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: functions as a predicative adjective describing the state of the warriors, implicitly stating they 'were being killed'.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp, by sharpened

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, sharp, whetted

Past Passive Participle

Root śo (to sharpen) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 1)

अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere, otherwise, in another place, except

(indeclinable)

derived from anya (other)

Note: here functioning as 'except' and takes ablative

सैन्धवात् (saindhavāt) - from Saindhava

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - relating to Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu, Jayadratha (king of Sindhu)

from sindhu (name of a country/river)

Note: governed by anyatra

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: The address is typically to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - indeed, truly, used to, (denotes past action when used with present tense)

(indeclinable)

Note: often combined with na to form na sma meaning 'not' with past implication.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, someone, any, some

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - anyone, someone, any, some

derived from kim (what/who) + cid (particle)

Note: Used with na to mean 'no one'

अतिष्ठत (atiṣṭhata) - stood, remained, remained firm

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

Imperfect (Laṅ-lakāra), ātmanepada

Root sthā (to stand), augment a-, 3rd person singular middle ending ta.

Root: sthā (class 1)