महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-40, verse-12

स कक्षेऽग्निरिवोत्सृष्टो निर्दहंस्तरसा रिपून् ।
मध्ये भारतसैन्यानामार्जुनिः पर्यवर्तत ॥१२॥

12. sa kakṣe'gnirivotsṛṣṭo nirdahaṁstarasā ripūn ,
madhye bhāratasainyānāmārjuniḥ paryavartata.

12. saḥ kakṣe agniḥ iva utsṛṣṭaḥ nirdahan tarasā
ripūn madhye bhāratasainyānām ārjuniḥ paryavartata

12. saḥ ārjuniḥ kakṣe utsṛṣṭaḥ agniḥ iva tarasā ripūn
nirdahan bhāratasainyānām madhye paryavartata

12. Like a fire let loose in dry forest (kakṣa), he, Arjuna's son (ārjuni), consumed the enemies with his might, raging amidst the Bhārata armies.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - refers to Abhimanyu (he, that (masculine singular))

• कक्षे (kakṣe) - in dry grass/forest, in a thicket

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire, god of fire

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उत्सृष्टः (utsṛṣṭaḥ) - let loose, released, abandoned

• निर्दहन् (nirdahan) - burning, consuming, destroying

• तरसा (tarasā) - by force, with might, quickly, swiftly

• रिपून् (ripūn) - enemies, foes

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst, between

• भारतसैन्यानाम् (bhāratasainyānām) - of the Bhārata armies

• आर्जुनिः (ārjuniḥ) - son of Arjuna, Abhimanyu

• पर्यवर्तत (paryavartata) - moved about, raged, turned around, wandered

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - refers to Abhimanyu (he, that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कक्षे (kakṣe) - in dry grass/forest, in a thicket

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kakṣa

kakṣa - dry grass, dry forest, thicket, hidden place

अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire, god of fire

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, the god Agni

Root: ag

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

उत्सृष्टः (utsṛṣṭaḥ) - let loose, released, abandoned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utsṛṣṭa

utsṛṣṭa - let loose, released, sent forth, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Root sṛj (to let go, create) + prefix ud- (ut-) + suffix kta (ta)

Prefix: ud

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: agrees with agniḥ

निर्दहन् (nirdahan) - burning, consuming, destroying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirdahat

nirdahat - burning down, consuming, destroying

Present Active Participle

Root dah (to burn) + prefix nir- + active participle suffix śatṛ (at)

Prefix: nir

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: agrees with saḥ (ārjuniḥ)

तरसा (tarasā) - by force, with might, quickly, swiftly

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of taras

taras - force, power, speed, quickness

Root: tṝ (class 1)

Note: functions adverbially

रिपून् (ripūn) - enemies, foes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe, hostile

Root: rī

Note: object of nirdahan

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst, between

(indeclinable)

Note: takes genitive (bhāratasainyānām)

भारतसैन्यानाम् (bhāratasainyānām) - of the Bhārata armies

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhāratasainya

bhāratasainya - Bhārata army, soldier of the Bhāratas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhārata+sainya)

• bhārata – a descendant of Bharata
  noun (masculine)
• sainya – army, host, soldier
  noun (neuter)

Note: governed by madhye

आर्जुनिः (ārjuniḥ) - son of Arjuna, Abhimanyu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārjuni

ārjuni - son of Arjuna (Abhimanyu)

derived from arjuna + patronymic suffix ini

पर्यवर्तत (paryavartata) - moved about, raged, turned around, wandered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect (Laṅ-lakāra), middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root vṛt (to turn) + prefixes pari- + ava- + augment a- + 3rd person singular middle ending ta

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)