महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-52, verse-6

जयद्रथेन सहिता ग्रीवायां संनिवेशिताः ।
पृष्ठे दुर्योधनो राजा सोदरैः सानुगैर्वृतः ॥६॥

6. jayadrathena sahitā grīvāyāṁ saṁniveśitāḥ ,
pṛṣṭhe duryodhano rājā sodaraiḥ sānugairvṛtaḥ.

6. jayadrathena sahitāḥ grīvāyām saṃniveśitāḥ
pṛṣṭhe duryodhanaḥ rājā sodaraiḥ sānugaiḥ vṛtaḥ

6. jayadrathena sahitāḥ grīvāyām saṃniveśitāḥ.
pṛṣṭhe duryodhanaḥ rājā sodaraiḥ sānugaiḥ vṛtaḥ.

6. Accompanied by Jayadratha, they were positioned in the neck (of the formation). King Duryodhana, surrounded by his brothers and followers, was on the back.

Words meanings summery:

• जयद्रथेन (jayadrathena) - By Jayadratha, the king of Sindhu. (by Jayadratha)

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - accompanied (by Jayadratha) (accompanied, joined, united with)

• ग्रीवायाम् (grīvāyām) - in the neck or head of the battle formation. (in the neck, in the head (of the formation))

• संनिवेशिताः (saṁniveśitāḥ) - positioned or arranged (in the battle formation) (placed, stationed, arranged)

• पृष्ठे (pṛṣṭhe) - at the rear (of the battle formation) (on the back, behind)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - King Duryodhana, the leader of the Kauravas. (Duryodhana (proper name))

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Duryodhana) (king)

• सोदरैः (sodaraiḥ) - by his own brothers (Kauravas) (by brothers, by kinsmen)

• सानुगैः (sānugaiḥ) - by his attendants or retinue. (by followers, by attendants)

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded (by brothers and followers) (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

Words meanings and morphology

जयद्रथेन (jayadrathena) - By Jayadratha, the king of Sindhu. (by Jayadratha)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - chariot of victory; name of a king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+ratha)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - accompanied (by Jayadratha) (accompanied, joined, united with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, united with, together with

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā with prefix sa- and suffix -ita (or from sah-)

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (the warriors mentioned in the previous verse).

ग्रीवायाम् (grīvāyām) - in the neck or head of the battle formation. (in the neck, in the head (of the formation))

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of grīvā

grīvā - neck, nape of the neck; also figuratively the head or front part of a formation

Note: Refers to the strategic front part of the vyūha.

संनिवेशिताः (saṁniveśitāḥ) - positioned or arranged (in the battle formation) (placed, stationed, arranged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃniveśita

saṁniveśita - arranged, placed, stationed, established

Past Passive Participle (causative)

From root viś 'to enter' with prefixes saṃ- and ni-, causative form + P.P.P. suffix -ita.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (the warriors mentioned in the previous verse).

पृष्ठे (pṛṣṭhe) - at the rear (of the battle formation) (on the back, behind)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pṛṣṭha

pṛṣṭha - back, rear; summit, top

Note: Refers to the strategic rear part of the vyūha.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - King Duryodhana, the leader of the Kauravas. (Duryodhana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - hard to conquer; name of the eldest Kaurava prince

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  From root yudh 'to fight'
  Root: yudh (class 4)

राजा (rājā) - the king (Duryodhana) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

सोदरैः (sodaraiḥ) - by his own brothers (Kauravas) (by brothers, by kinsmen)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sodara

sodara - brother, uterine brother, born from the same womb

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+udara)

• sa – with, together with (prefix)
  indeclinable
• udara – womb, belly
  noun (neuter)

सानुगैः (sānugaiḥ) - by his attendants or retinue. (by followers, by attendants)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sānuga

sānuga - accompanied by followers, having attendants

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+anuga)

• sa – with, together with (prefix)
  indeclinable
• anuga – follower, attendant
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix anu- and root gam 'to go'
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as a substantive here (by those with followers).

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded (by brothers and followers) (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered, chosen

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ 'to cover, surround'

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with Duryodhanaḥ.