महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-52, verse-20

हयौघाश्च रथौघाश्च तत्र तत्र विशां पते ।
संपतन्तः स्म दृश्यन्ते निघ्नमानाः परस्परम् ॥२०॥

20. hayaughāśca rathaughāśca tatra tatra viśāṁ pate ,
saṁpatantaḥ sma dṛśyante nighnamānāḥ parasparam.

20. hayaughāḥ ca rathaughāḥ ca tatra tatra viśām pate
saṃpatantaḥ sma dṛśyante nighnamānāḥ parasparam

20. viśām pate,
tatra tatra hayaughāḥ ca rathaughāḥ ca parasparam saṃpatantaḥ nighnamānāḥ sma dṛśyante.

20. O lord of men, throngs of horses and chariots were seen clashing here and there, striking one another.

Words meanings summery:

• हयौघाः (hayaughāḥ) - throngs of horses (throngs of horses, multitudes of horses)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• रथौघाः (rathaughāḥ) - throngs of chariots (throngs of chariots, multitudes of chariots)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तत्र (tatra) - here and there (there, in that place)

• तत्र (tatra) - here and there (there, in that place)

• विशाम् (viśām) - of men, of people (of people, of subjects)

• पते (pate) - O lord (referring to Dhritarashtra) (O lord, O master)

• संपतन्तः (saṁpatantaḥ) - rushing together, clashing (falling together, rushing together, meeting)

• स्म (sma) - (indicates past tense) ((particle used with present tense verbs to denote past action))

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - were seen (are seen, appear)

• निघ्नमानाः (nighnamānāḥ) - striking (striking, killing (middle voice))

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other (mutually, each other)

Words meanings and morphology

हयौघाः (hayaughāḥ) - throngs of horses (throngs of horses, multitudes of horses)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hayaugha

hayaugha - multitude of horses, throngs of horses

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+ogha)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• ogha – multitude, throng, flood
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

रथौघाः (rathaughāḥ) - throngs of chariots (throngs of chariots, multitudes of chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathaugha

rathaugha - multitude of chariots, throngs of chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+ogha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• ogha – multitude, throng, flood
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - here and there (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) with the 'tral' suffix.

Note: Used in repetition 'tatra tatra' to mean 'here and there'.

तत्र (tatra) - here and there (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) with the 'tral' suffix.

Note: Used in repetition 'tatra tatra' to mean 'here and there'.

विशाम् (viśām) - of men, of people (of people, of subjects)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community

Note: Part of the compound 'viśām pate'.

पते (pate) - O lord (referring to Dhritarashtra) (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Note: Vocative case, addresses Dhṛtarāṣṭra. Forms the compound 'viśām pate' meaning 'O lord of men'.

संपतन्तः (saṁpatantaḥ) - rushing together, clashing (falling together, rushing together, meeting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃpatant

saṁpatant - falling together, rushing upon, meeting

Present Active Participle

Derived from upasarga 'sam' and root √pat (to fall, fly) with the 'śatṛ' suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'hayaughāḥ' and 'rathaughāḥ'.

स्म (sma) - (indicates past tense) ((particle used with present tense verbs to denote past action))

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'dṛśyante' to denote past action.

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - were seen (are seen, appear)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present, 3rd person plural, passive voice

Root √dṛś (to see), present (laṭ) tense, passive formation (yaK-ending). Combined with 'sma' for past meaning.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The 'sma' particle indicates that this present tense verb describes a past event.

निघ्नमानाः (nighnamānāḥ) - striking (striking, killing (middle voice))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nighnamāna

nighnamāna - striking, killing

Present Middle Participle (śānac)

Derived from upasarga 'ni' and root √han (to strike, kill) with the 'śānac' suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'hayaughāḥ' and 'rathaughāḥ', describing their action.

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other (mutually, each other)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paraspara

paraspara - mutual, reciprocal

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (para+apara)

• para – other, supreme
  pronoun (neuter)
• apara – other, another, posterior
  pronoun (neuter)

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative.