महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-52, verse-4

अश्वत्थामा कृपश्चैव शीर्षमास्तां यशस्विनौ ।
त्रिगर्तैर्मत्स्यकैकेयैर्वाटधानैश्च संयुतौ ॥४॥

4. aśvatthāmā kṛpaścaiva śīrṣamāstāṁ yaśasvinau ,
trigartairmatsyakaikeyairvāṭadhānaiśca saṁyutau.

4. aśvatthāmā kṛpaḥ ca eva śīrṣam āstām yaśasvinau
trigartaiḥ matsyakaikeyaiḥ vāṭadhānaiḥ ca saṃyutau

4. yaśasvinau aśvatthāmā ca kṛpaḥ eva śīrṣam āstām
trigartaiḥ matsyakaikeyaiḥ vāṭadhānaiḥ ca saṃyutau

4. The glorious Aśvatthāmā and Kṛpa were positioned at the head (śīrṣa) [of the formation], accompanied by the Trigartas, Matsyas, Kaikeyas, and Vāṭadhānas.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā

• कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• शीर्षम् (śīrṣam) - at the head (of the formation) (at the head, in the forefront)

• आस्ताम् (āstām) - they two were, they two stood

• यशस्विनौ (yaśasvinau) - illustrious, glorious, famous

• त्रिगर्तैः (trigartaiḥ) - by the Trigartas

• मत्स्यकैकेयैः (matsyakaikeyaiḥ) - by the Matsyas and Kaikeyas

• वाटधानैः (vāṭadhānaiḥ) - by the Vāṭadhānas

• च (ca) - and

• संयुतौ (saṁyutau) - joined, accompanied (by two)

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Aśvatthāmā (name of Droṇa's son)

Note: One of the two subjects (dual).

कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (name of a Kuru warrior, a royal guru)

Note: One of the two subjects (dual).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Aśvatthāmā and Kṛpa.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

शीर्षम् (śīrṣam) - at the head (of the formation) (at the head, in the forefront)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śīrṣa

śīrṣa - head, top, forefront, summit

Note: Used adverbially to indicate position.

आस्ताम् (āstām) - they two were, they two stood

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √as

imperfect active

Imperfect 3rd person dual, active voice. From ā-√as.

Prefix: ā

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The dual form matches the dual subjects (Aśvatthāmā and Kṛpa).

यशस्विनौ (yaśasvinau) - illustrious, glorious, famous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - illustrious, glorious, famous, possessing fame, renowned

from yaśas + -vin

Note: Qualifies Aśvatthāmā and Kṛpa.

त्रिगर्तैः (trigartaiḥ) - by the Trigartas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of trigarta

trigarta - people from the Trigarta country (a region in ancient India)

Note: Agents of accompaniment for 'saṃyutau'.

मत्स्यकैकेयैः (matsyakaikeyaiḥ) - by the Matsyas and Kaikeyas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of matsyakaikeya

matsyakaikeya - Matsyas and Kaikeyas (names of tribes/peoples from specific countries)

Compound type : dvandva (matsya+kaikeya)

• matsya – Matsya (name of a tribe/country in ancient India)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kaikeya – Kaikeya (name of a tribe/country in ancient India)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Agents of accompaniment for 'saṃyutau'.

वाटधानैः (vāṭadhānaiḥ) - by the Vāṭadhānas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vāṭadhāna

vāṭadhāna - Vāṭadhāna (name of a tribe/people)

Note: Agents of accompaniment for 'saṃyutau'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the list of tribes.

संयुतौ (saṁyutau) - joined, accompanied (by two)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of saṃyuta

saṁyuta - joined, united, accompanied, connected, combined

Past Passive Participle

from sam-√yu (to join, unite)

Prefix: sam

Root: yu (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Aśvatthāmā and Kṛpa (dual).