महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-52, verse-10

व्यूढं दृष्ट्वा तु तत्सैन्यं सव्यसाची परंतपः ।
धृष्टद्युम्नेन सहितः प्रत्यव्यूहत संयुगे ।
अर्धचन्द्रेण व्यूहेन व्यूहं तमतिदारुणम् ॥१०॥

10. vyūḍhaṁ dṛṣṭvā tu tatsainyaṁ savyasācī paraṁtapaḥ ,
dhṛṣṭadyumnena sahitaḥ pratyavyūhata saṁyuge ,
ardhacandreṇa vyūhena vyūhaṁ tamatidāruṇam.

10. vyūḍham dṛṣṭvā tu tat sainyam
savyasācī paraṃtapaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnena
sahitaḥ pratyavyūhata saṃyuge
ardhacandreṇa vyūhena vyūham tam atidāruṇam

10. tu savyasācī paraṃtapaḥ tat sainyam
vyūḍham dṛṣṭvā dhṛṣṭadyumnena
sahitaḥ saṃyuge tam atidāruṇam vyūham
ardhacandreṇa vyūhena pratyavyūhata

10. Then Arjuna (savyasācī), the tormentor of foes (paraṃtapa), upon seeing that army arrayed [against them], counter-arranged his forces in battle (saṃyuge) with a half-moon formation, accompanied by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, against that extremely dreadful enemy array.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यूढम् (vyūḍham) - arrayed (as an army formation) (arrayed, arranged)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, then

• तत् (tat) - that (enemy) army (that)

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

• सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (lit. 'ambidextrous')

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Epithet for Arjuna (tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies)

• धृष्टद्युम्नेन (dhṛṣṭadyumnena) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, together with

• प्रत्यव्यूहत (pratyavyūhata) - counter-arrayed, arrayed against

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

• अर्धचन्द्रेण (ardhacandreṇa) - with a half-moon (formation)

• व्यूहेन (vyūhena) - by a military array (by a formation, with an array)

• व्यूहम् (vyūham) - the (enemy's) formation (formation, array)

• तम् (tam) - that (enemy) formation (that)

• अतिदारुणम् (atidāruṇam) - extremely dreadful (enemy array) (very terrible, extremely dreadful)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यूढम् (vyūḍham) - arrayed (as an army formation) (arrayed, arranged)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyūḍha

vyūḍha - arranged, arrayed, drawn up (as troops); broad, extensive

Past Passive Participle

Prefixes: vi+ū

Root: vah (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, then

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (enemy) army (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host of soldiers

सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (lit. 'ambidextrous')

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - ambidextrous, specifically an epithet of Arjuna (one who shoots with the left hand)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left
  adjective (masculine)
• sācin – shooting, throwing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sac (to accompany/cling) or related to sāyaka (arrow) and action of shooting.

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Epithet for Arjuna (tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – tormenting, burning, causing pain
  noun (masculine)
  Root: tap (class 1)

धृष्टद्युम्नेन (dhṛṣṭadyumnena) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Name of a warrior, commander of the Pāṇḍava army

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, together with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, joined with, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

प्रत्यव्यूहत (pratyavyūhata) - counter-arrayed, arrayed against

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyūh

Prefixes: prati+vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, engagement

अर्धचन्द्रेण (ardhacandreṇa) - with a half-moon (formation)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ardhacandra

ardhacandra - half-moon; a half-moon shaped military array

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ardha+candra)

• ardha – half, part
  adjective (neuter)
• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)

व्यूहेन (vyūhena) - by a military array (by a formation, with an array)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vyūha

vyūha - military array, formation, disposition of troops

व्यूहम् (vyūham) - the (enemy's) formation (formation, array)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyūha

vyūha - military array, formation, disposition of troops

तम् (tam) - that (enemy) formation (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अतिदारुणम् (atidāruṇam) - extremely dreadful (enemy array) (very terrible, extremely dreadful)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atidāruṇa

atidāruṇa - very terrible, extremely dreadful

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+dāruṇa)

• ati – very, exceedingly, over
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – dreadful, terrible, fierce
  adjective (masculine)