महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-91, verse-11

आ केशग्रहणान्मित्रमकार्यात्संनिवर्तयन् ।
अवाच्यः कस्यचिद्भवति कृतयत्नो यथाबलम् ॥११॥

11. ā keśagrahaṇānmitramakāryātsaṁnivartayan ,
avācyaḥ kasyacidbhavati kṛtayatno yathābalam.

11. ā keśagrahaṇāt mitram akāryāt saṃnivartayan
avācyaḥ kasyacit bhavati kṛtayatnaḥ yathābalam

11. One who makes an effort according to their ability to prevent a friend from improper actions, even by resorting to the extreme measure of seizing their hair, becomes blameless in the eyes of anyone.

Words meanings summery:

• आ (ā) - up to, even, until

• केशग्रहणात् (keśagrahaṇāt) - from seizing the hair, from hair-grabbing

• मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

• अकार्यात् (akāryāt) - from improper action, from wrongdoing

• संनिवर्तयन् (saṁnivartayan) - causing to turn back, restraining, preventing

• अवाच्यः (avācyaḥ) - blameless, not to be spoken against, unquestionable

• कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone, to anyone

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• कृतयत्नः (kṛtayatnaḥ) - one who has made an effort, who has exerted oneself

• यथाबलम् (yathābalam) - according to one's strength, to the best of one's power

Words meanings and morphology

आ (ā) - up to, even, until

(indeclinable)

केशग्रहणात् (keśagrahaṇāt) - from seizing the hair, from hair-grabbing

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of keśagrahaṇa

keśagrahaṇa - seizing the hair, hair-grabbing

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (keśa+grahaṇa)

• keśa – hair
  noun (masculine)
• grahaṇa – seizing, grasping, taking
  noun (neuter)
  Nominalization of verb
  from root grah (to seize, take)
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Governed by ā, indicating the limit or extent of the action.

मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally, sun

Note: Object of saṃnivartayan.

अकार्यात् (akāryāt) - from improper action, from wrongdoing

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of akārya

akārya - improper action, wrongdoing, what ought not to be done

Gerundive/n-negation compound

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'kārya' (what should be done, gerundive from kṛ)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kārya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• kārya – to be done, proper action, duty
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  from root kṛ (to do, make), with suffix -ya
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Ablative of separation, indicating what the friend is restrained from.

संनिवर्तयन् (saṁnivartayan) - causing to turn back, restraining, preventing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnivartayat

saṁnivartayat - causing to turn back, restraining, preventing, detering

Present Active Participle (Causative)

from sam-ni-vṛt (causative: to cause to turn back, restrain)

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implicit subject of bhavati.

अवाच्यः (avācyaḥ) - blameless, not to be spoken against, unquestionable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avācya

avācya - not to be spoken against, blameless, irreproachable

Gerundive/n-negation compound

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'vācya' (to be said, spoken, blamable)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vācya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vācya – to be spoken, blamable, worthy of speech
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  from root vac (to speak), with suffix -ya
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for the implicit subject.

कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone, to anyone

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, some, any

kā + cid (indefinite pronoun)

Note: Genitive of reference or possession with avācyaḥ.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

कृतयत्नः (kṛtayatnaḥ) - one who has made an effort, who has exerted oneself

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtayatna

kṛtayatna - having made an effort, one who has exerted oneself

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+yatna)

• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• yatna – effort, exertion, endeavor
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the implicit subject of bhavati.

यथाबलम् (yathābalam) - according to one's strength, to the best of one's power

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+bala)

• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)