महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-91, verse-10

व्यसनैः क्लिश्यमानं हि यो मित्रं नाभिपद्यते ।
अनुनीय यथाशक्ति तं नृशंसं विदुर्बुधाः ॥१०॥

10. vyasanaiḥ kliśyamānaṁ hi yo mitraṁ nābhipadyate ,
anunīya yathāśakti taṁ nṛśaṁsaṁ vidurbudhāḥ.

10. vyasanaiḥ kliśyamānam hi yaḥ mitram na abhipadyate
anunīya yathāśakti tam nṛśaṃsam viduḥ budhāḥ

10. Indeed, the wise know that person to be cruel who does not come to the aid of a friend suffering from misfortunes, even after being earnestly entreated (by that friend) to the best of their ability.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यसनैः (vyasanaiḥ) - by misfortunes, by calamities, by distresses

• क्लिश्यमानम् (kliśyamānam) - suffering, distressed, being tormented

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

• न (na) - not, no

• अभिपद्यते (abhipadyate) - approaches, attains, obtains, helps, supports

• अनुनीय (anunīya) - even after being entreated (by the friend) (having conciliated, having entreated, having soothed)

• यथाशक्ति (yathāśakti) - according to one's ability/power

• तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

• नृशंसम् (nṛśaṁsam) - cruel, wicked, inhuman

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

• बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise, intelligent ones

Words meanings and morphology

व्यसनैः (vyasanaiḥ) - by misfortunes, by calamities, by distresses

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, distress, addiction, evil habit

Note: Instrumental of cause or means.

क्लिश्यमानम् (kliśyamānam) - suffering, distressed, being tormented

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kliśyamāna

kliśyamāna - being distressed, suffering, tormented

Present Passive Participle

from root kliś (to suffer, be distressed), middle voice affix śānac

Root: kliś (class 4)

Note: Qualifies mitram.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of nābhipadyate.

मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally, sun

Note: Object of nābhipadyate.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभिपद्यते (abhipadyate) - approaches, attains, obtains, helps, supports

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of abhipad

Prefix: abhi

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: From abhi + pad.

अनुनीय (anunīya) - even after being entreated (by the friend) (having conciliated, having entreated, having soothed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from anu-nī (to lead after, to conciliate, to entreat)

Prefix: anu

Root: nī (class 1)

यथाशक्ति (yathāśakti) - according to one's ability/power

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+śakti)

• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• śakti – power, strength, ability (śakti)
  noun (feminine)

Note: Often takes an adverbial function.

तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun for yaḥ.

नृशंसम् (nṛśaṁsam) - cruel, wicked, inhuman

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, wicked, inhuman, malevolent

Note: Qualifies tam.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise, intelligent ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, intelligent, knowing, awakened; a wise person, a sage

Note: Subject of viduḥ.