महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-31, verse-13

अपश्यन्मामुपेक्षन्तं कृष्णामेकां सभागताम् ।
तद्दुःखमतितिक्षाम मा वधीष्म कुरूनिति ॥१३॥

13. apaśyanmāmupekṣantaṁ kṛṣṇāmekāṁ sabhāgatām ,
tadduḥkhamatitikṣāma mā vadhīṣma kurūniti.

13. apaśyan mām upekṣantam kṛṣṇām ekām sabhāgatām
tat duḥkham atitikṣāma mā vadhīṣma kurūn iti

13. They saw me, Kṛṣṇā (Draupadi), neglected and alone, having come into the assembly. We endure that suffering so that we may not slay the Kurus.

Words meanings summery:

• अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - they saw, they observed

• माम् (mām) - me (Draupadi) (me)

• उपेक्षन्तम् (upekṣantam) - being neglected (referring to Draupadi) (neglecting, disregarding)

• कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Draupadi (Krishna, Draupadi)

• एकाम् (ekām) - alone, single, one

• सभागताम् (sabhāgatām) - having come to an assembly, present in the assembly

• तत् (tat) - that (previous) suffering (that, this)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery

• अतितिक्षाम (atitikṣāma) - we endure, we bear

• मा (mā) - do not, lest

• वधीष्म (vadhīṣma) - may we slay, let us not kill

• कुरून् (kurūn) - the Kurus

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

Words meanings and morphology

अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - they saw, they observed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

माम् (mām) - me (Draupadi) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

उपेक्षन्तम् (upekṣantam) - being neglected (referring to Draupadi) (neglecting, disregarding)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upekṣant

upekṣant - neglecting, disregarding

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root `īkṣ` (to see) with prefix `upa`

Prefix: upa

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Present active participle. Though morphologically active ('disregarding'), it implies 'being disregarded' in context when modifying an object like 'me'.

कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Draupadi (Krishna, Draupadi)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Draupadi (daughter of Drupada, wife of Pandavas), a specific dark-skinned goddess

एकाम् (ekām) - alone, single, one

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone

सभागताम् (sabhāgatām) - having come to an assembly, present in the assembly

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sabhāgatā

sabhāgatā - having come to an assembly, one who has arrived in an assembly

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from `sabhā` (assembly) and `gata` (gone, arrived), a past passive participle of root `gam` (to go)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sabhā+gata)

• sabhā – assembly, council, hall
  noun (feminine)
• gata – gone, arrived
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `gam` (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Past passive participle modifying Kṛṣṇā

तत् (tat) - that (previous) suffering (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

अतितिक्षाम (atitikṣāma) - we endure, we bear

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of atitikṣ

Derived from verb root `tikṣ` (to endure, to be patient) with prefix `ati`

Prefix: ati

Root: tikṣ (class 1)

मा (mā) - do not, lest

(indeclinable)

वधीष्म (vadhīṣma) - may we slay, let us not kill

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, injunctive aorist (luṅ) of vadh

Root: vadh (class 1)

कुरून् (kurūn) - the Kurus

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a proper name, name of an ancient king and his descendants, the Kurus

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)