महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-31, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
उत सन्तमसन्तं च बालं वृद्धं च संजय ।
उताबलं बलीयांसं धाता प्रकुरुते वशे ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
uta santamasantaṁ ca bālaṁ vṛddhaṁ ca saṁjaya ,
utābalaṁ balīyāṁsaṁ dhātā prakurute vaśe.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca uta santam asantam ca bālam vṛddham
ca saṃjaya uta abalam balīyāṃsam dhātā prakurute vaśe

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O Saṃjaya, the Creator (dhātā) brings both the existent and the non-existent, the young and the old, and the weak and the powerful, under His control.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उत (uta) - and, also, moreover, or

• सन्तम् (santam) - the existent, a good person (existing, being, good, a good person)

• असन्तम् (asantam) - the non-existent, a bad person (non-existent, bad, a bad person)

• च (ca) - and, also

• बालम् (bālam) - the young (child, young person)

• वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - the old (old, aged, grown)

• च (ca) - and, also

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya

• उत (uta) - and, also, moreover, or

• अबलम् (abalam) - the weak (weak, powerless)

• बलीयांसम् (balīyāṁsam) - the powerful (stronger, very powerful)

• धाता (dhātā) - the Creator (dhātā) (the Creator, the Ordainer, Brahma)

• प्रकुरुते (prakurute) - brings under control (makes, brings, places)

• वशे (vaśe) - under His control (in control, under command)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (one who is firm in battle)

Note: The speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Third Singular

Root vac, Class 2, Parasmaipada, Reduplicated Perfect (lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Standard introductory phrase for speech.

उत (uta) - and, also, moreover, or

(indeclinable)

Note: Used multiple times in the verse for 'both...and'.

सन्तम् (santam) - the existent, a good person (existing, being, good, a good person)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real, true

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Substantive use, refers to 'that which is existent' or 'a good person'.

असन्तम् (asantam) - the non-existent, a bad person (non-existent, bad, a bad person)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad, evil

Present Active Participle (negative)

Negative particle 'a' + present active participle of root as (to be)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• sat – being, existent
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Present active participle of root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Substantive use.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'santam' and 'asantam'.

बालम् (bālam) - the young (child, young person)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, young, immature, boy, girl

Note: Substantive use.

वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - the old (old, aged, grown)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Substantive use.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'bālam' and 'vṛddham'.

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (proper name, charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Note: Yudhiṣṭhira is addressing Saṃjaya.

उत (uta) - and, also, moreover, or

(indeclinable)

Note: Another instance of 'uta' for 'both...and'.

अबलम् (abalam) - the weak (weak, powerless)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abala

abala - without strength, weak, powerless

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+bala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Substantive use.

बलीयांसम् (balīyāṁsam) - the powerful (stronger, very powerful)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of balīyas

balīyas - stronger, more powerful, very powerful

Comparative degree of 'balin'

Note: Substantive use.

धाता (dhātā) - the Creator (dhātā) (the Creator, the Ordainer, Brahma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhātṛ

dhātṛ - creator, sustainer, ordainer, Brahma

Agent noun from root dhā (to place, create)

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रकुरुते (prakurute) - brings under control (makes, brings, places)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prakṛ

Present Middle Third Singular

Prefix pra + root kṛ, Class 8, Ātmanepada

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with vaśe (locative) meaning 'brings under control'.

वशे (vaśe) - under His control (in control, under command)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, power, control, subjection

Note: Used with prakurute to mean 'brings into control'.