महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-197, verse-21

तत्र भेरीसहस्राणि शङ्खानामयुतानि च ।
वादयन्ति स्म संहृष्टाः सहस्रायुतशो नराः ॥२१॥

21. tatra bherīsahasrāṇi śaṅkhānāmayutāni ca ,
vādayanti sma saṁhṛṣṭāḥ sahasrāyutaśo narāḥ.

21. tatra bherīsahasrāṇi śaṅkhānām ayutāni ca
vādayanti sma saṃhṛṣṭāḥ sahasrāyutaśaḥ narāḥ

21. tatra saṃhṛṣṭāḥ sahasrāyutaśaḥ narāḥ
bherīsahasrāṇi śaṅkhānām ayutāni ca vādayanti sma

21. There, thousands of drums and tens of thousands of conch shells were played by exultant men, who were present in thousands and tens of thousands.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there (there, then)

• भेरीसहस्राणि (bherīsahasrāṇi) - thousands of drums

• शङ्खानाम् (śaṅkhānām) - of conch shells

• अयुतानि (ayutāni) - tens of thousands, myriads

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वादयन्ति (vādayanti) - they were sounding, playing (they are sounding, playing)

• स्म (sma) - indicates past tense for `vādayanti` (indeed, truly; used with present tense to form past tense)

• संहृष्टाः (saṁhṛṣṭāḥ) - exultant (greatly delighted, exultant, joyful)

• सहस्रायुतशः (sahasrāyutaśaḥ) - by thousands and tens of thousands

• नराः (narāḥ) - men, soldiers (men, people, warriors)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there (there, then)

(indeclinable)

भेरीसहस्राणि (bherīsahasrāṇi) - thousands of drums

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bherīsahasra

bherīsahasra - thousand of drums

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bherī+sahasra)

• bherī – drum, kettle-drum
  noun (feminine)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Also nominative plural. Context suggests accusative as the object of `vādayanti`.

शङ्खानाम् (śaṅkhānām) - of conch shells

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śaṅkha

śaṅkha - conch shell, a kind of musical instrument

अयुतानि (ayutāni) - tens of thousands, myriads

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of ayuta

ayuta - ten thousand, myriad

Note: Also nominative plural. Context suggests accusative as the object of `vādayanti`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वादयन्ति (vādayanti) - they were sounding, playing (they are sounding, playing)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vādaya

present tense, active voice, 3rd person plural (causative of vad)

Causative stem from root vad (to speak, sound), with suffix -anti. Used with 'sma' to indicate past action.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Used with 'sma' to convey a past imperfect sense.

स्म (sma) - indicates past tense for `vādayanti` (indeed, truly; used with present tense to form past tense)

(indeclinable)

संहृष्टाः (saṁhṛṣṭāḥ) - exultant (greatly delighted, exultant, joyful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃhṛṣṭa

saṁhṛṣṭa - greatly delighted, joyful, excited

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hṛṣ (to be excited, rejoice), prefixed by sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

सहस्रायुतशः (sahasrāyutaśaḥ) - by thousands and tens of thousands

(indeclinable)

Compound of sahasra (thousand) and ayuta (ten thousand) with suffix -śas.

Compound type : dvandva (sahasra+ayuta)

• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)
• ayuta – ten thousand, myriad
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies `narāḥ`.

नराः (narāḥ) - men, soldiers (men, people, warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being, warrior