महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-197, verse-15

महारथौ च पाञ्चाल्यौ युधामन्यूत्तमौजसौ ।
वीर्यवन्तौ महात्मानौ गदाकार्मुकधारिणौ ।
अन्वयातां ततो मध्ये वासुदेवधनंजयौ ॥१५॥

15. mahārathau ca pāñcālyau yudhāmanyūttamaujasau ,
vīryavantau mahātmānau gadākārmukadhāriṇau ,
anvayātāṁ tato madhye vāsudevadhanaṁjayau.

15. mahārathau ca pāñcālyau yudhāmanyu
uttamaujasau vīryavantau mahātmānau
gadākārmukadhāriṇau anvayātām
tataḥ madhye vāsudeva dhanañjayau

15. ca pāñcālyau yudhāmanyu uttamaujasau
mahārathau vīryavantau mahātmānau
gadākārmukadhāriṇau tataḥ
vāsudeva dhanañjayau madhye anvayātām

15. And the two great chariot-warriors, Yudhāmanyu and Uttamaujas, who were both sons of Pāñcāla, valorous, great-souled (mahātman), and bearing maces and bows, then followed between Vāsudeva (Krishna) and Dhanañjaya (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• महारथौ (mahārathau) - two great chariot-warriors

• च (ca) - and, also

• पाञ्चाल्यौ (pāñcālyau) - Refers to Yudhāmanyu and Uttamaujas, who are from the Pañcāla kingdom. (two sons of Pañcāla, two princes of Pañcāla)

• युधामन्यु (yudhāmanyu) - Yudhāmanyu (proper name)

• उत्तमौजसौ (uttamaujasau) - Refers to Uttamaujas, the warrior. The dual ending applies to the pair of individuals (Yudhāmanyu and Uttamaujas). (Uttamaujas (proper name), the two named Uttamaujas)

• वीर्यवन्तौ (vīryavantau) - two valorous ones, two brave ones

• महात्मानौ (mahātmānau) - two great-souled ones, two noble ones

• गदाकार्मुकधारिणौ (gadākārmukadhāriṇau) - two bearers of maces and bows

• अन्वयाताम् (anvayātām) - they two followed

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• मध्ये (madhye) - between Vāsudeva and Dhanañjaya (in the middle, between)

• वासुदेव (vāsudeva) - Refers to Krishna. (Vāsudeva (Krishna))

• धनञ्जयौ (dhanañjayau) - Refers to Arjuna. The dual ending applies to the pair (Vāsudeva and Dhanañjaya). (Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), the two named Dhanañjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

महारथौ (mahārathau) - two great chariot-warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, great chariot-fighter

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Yudhāmanyu and Uttamaujas.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पाञ्चाल्यौ (pāñcālyau) - Refers to Yudhāmanyu and Uttamaujas, who are from the Pañcāla kingdom. (two sons of Pañcāla, two princes of Pañcāla)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pāñcālya

pāñcālya - belonging to Pañcāla, a king/prince of Pañcāla, a son of Pañcāla

Derived from Pañcāla with the suffix -ya indicating 'descendant' or 'belonging to'.

युधामन्यु (yudhāmanyu) - Yudhāmanyu (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhāmanyu

yudhāmanyu - Yudhāmanyu (a specific warrior mentioned in the Mahābhārata, son of Drupada, king of Pañcāla)

Note: This is the first part of the dual reference to two individuals (Yudhāmanyu and Uttamaujas).

उत्तमौजसौ (uttamaujasau) - Refers to Uttamaujas, the warrior. The dual ending applies to the pair of individuals (Yudhāmanyu and Uttamaujas). (Uttamaujas (proper name), the two named Uttamaujas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of uttamaujas

uttamaujas - Uttamaujas (a specific warrior mentioned in the Mahābhārata, son of Drupada, king of Pañcāla), one of excellent splendor/power

Compound type : karmadhāraya (uttama+ojas)

• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective
• ojas – vigor, strength, power, splendor
  noun (neuter)

Note: This dual form applies to the pair Yudhāmanyu and Uttamaujas.

वीर्यवन्तौ (vīryavantau) - two valorous ones, two brave ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vīryavant

vīryavant - valorous, brave, strong, possessing heroism

Possessive adjective formed from vīrya + matup/vatup suffix.

Note: Qualifies Yudhāmanyu and Uttamaujas.

महात्मानौ (mahātmānau) - two great-souled ones, two noble ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous (ātman)

Compound formed with mahā (great) and ātman (self/soul).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Yudhāmanyu and Uttamaujas.

गदाकार्मुकधारिणौ (gadākārmukadhāriṇau) - two bearers of maces and bows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of gadākārmukadhārin

gadākārmukadhārin - bearing maces and bows, armed with maces and bows

Compound of gadā (mace), kārmuka (bow), and dhārin (bearer/holder).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gadā+kārmuka+dhārin)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• kārmuka – bow (weapon)
  noun (neuter)
• dhārin – bearing, holding, carrying
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root dhṛ (to hold, bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Yudhāmanyu and Uttamaujas.

अन्वयाताम् (anvayātām) - they two followed

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

Imperfect third dual

Root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'anu' (after, along) in Imperfect (laṅ), 3rd person dual, parasmaipada.

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The subject is Yudhāmanyu and Uttamaujas.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of action.

मध्ये (madhye) - between Vāsudeva and Dhanañjaya (in the middle, between)

(indeclinable)

Locative singular of madhya, implying 'in the middle'.

Note: Functions adverbially here.

वासुदेव (vāsudeva) - Refers to Krishna. (Vāsudeva (Krishna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, Krishna (proper noun)

Note: Used here as the first part of the dual dvandva compound 'Vāsudeva and Dhanañjaya'.

धनञ्जयौ (dhanañjayau) - Refers to Arjuna. The dual ending applies to the pair (Vāsudeva and Dhanañjaya). (Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), the two named Dhanañjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, Arjuna (proper noun)

Compound of dhana (wealth) and jaya (conqueror).

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: This entire expression 'Vāsudeva Dhanañjayau' functions as a dual dvandva compound meaning 'Vāsudeva and Dhanañjaya'. The dual ending is on the last word.