महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-197, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तथैव राजा कौन्तेयो धर्मपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।
धृष्टद्युम्नमुखान्वीरांश्चोदयामास भारत ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tathaiva rājā kaunteyo dharmaputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
dhṛṣṭadyumnamukhānvīrāṁścodayāmāsa bhārata.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tathā eva rājā kaunteyaḥ dharma-putraḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ dhṛṣṭadyumna-mukhān vīrān codayām āsa bhārata

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca.
bhārata,
tathā eva rājā kaunteyaḥ dharma-putraḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ dhṛṣṭadyumna-mukhān vīrān codayām āsa.

1. Vaiśampāyana said: "Similarly, King Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Kuntī and son of Dharma (dharma), dispatched the heroes headed by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, O Bhārata."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata. (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in the same way

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes 'tathā' (similarly indeed). (indeed, only, just)

• राजा (rājā) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the king. (king)

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, as a son of Kuntī. (son of Kuntī)

• धर्म-पुत्रः (dharma-putraḥ) - Epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira. (son of Dharma (dharma))

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest of the Pāṇḍavas, known for his steadfastness in war. (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• धृष्टद्युम्न-मुखान् (dhṛṣṭadyumna-mukhān) - Refers to a group of heroes led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna. (headed by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, with Dhṛṣṭadyumna as chief)

• वीरान् (vīrān) - Refers to the warriors in Yudhiṣṭhira's army. (heroes, brave men)

• चोदयाम् (codayām) - Part of the periphrastic perfect verb 'codayām āsa'. (having urged/incited)

• आस (āsa) - Auxiliary verb for the periphrastic perfect 'codayām āsa'. (he was, he became)

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing King Janamejaya. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata. (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya

Patronymic from 'Viśaṃpāyana'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense form of root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in the same way

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes 'tathā' (similarly indeed). (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the king. (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, as a son of Kuntī. (son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī

Patronymic from 'Kuntī'.

धर्म-पुत्रः (dharma-putraḥ) - Epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira. (son of Dharma (dharma))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma-putra

dharma-putra - son of Dharma (dharma) (a divine being, father of Yudhiṣṭhira)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+putra)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest of the Pāṇḍavas, known for his steadfastness in war. (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, steadfast in war; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

From 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (firm).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

धृष्टद्युम्न-मुखान् (dhṛṣṭadyumna-mukhān) - Refers to a group of heroes led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna. (headed by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, with Dhṛṣṭadyumna as chief)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhṛṣṭadyumna-mukha

dhṛṣṭadyumna-mukha - Dhṛṣṭadyumna and others, those with Dhṛṣṭadyumna at the forefront/head

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛṣṭadyumna+mukha)

• dhṛṣṭadyumna – Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a Pāṇḍava general, brother of Draupadī)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukha – mouth, face, chief, principal, beginning
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'vīrān'.

वीरान् (vīrān) - Refers to the warriors in Yudhiṣṭhira's army. (heroes, brave men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Object of 'codayām āsa'.

चोदयाम् (codayām) - Part of the periphrastic perfect verb 'codayām āsa'. (having urged/incited)

(verb)

Intensive/causative stem of 'cud'.

From the causative stem 'codaya-' of root 'cud' (to urge, impel), here a nominalized form used with 'ās' to form a periphrastic perfect.

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: This is an 'ām' suffix attached to the root of a causative or desiderative verb, forming a nominal element which then combines with a form of 'kṛ', 'bhū', or 'as' to make a periphrastic perfect.

आस (āsa) - Auxiliary verb for the periphrastic perfect 'codayām āsa'. (he was, he became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of as

Perfect tense form of root 'as'.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb.

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing King Janamejaya. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata; name of a ruler; patronymic for Janamejaya

Patronymic from 'Bharata'.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)