महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-197, verse-17

पञ्च नागसहस्राणि रथवंशाश्च सर्वशः ।
पदातयश्च ये शूराः कार्मुकासिगदाधराः ।
सहस्रशोऽन्वयुः पश्चादग्रतश्च सहस्रशः ॥१७॥

17. pañca nāgasahasrāṇi rathavaṁśāśca sarvaśaḥ ,
padātayaśca ye śūrāḥ kārmukāsigadādharāḥ ,
sahasraśo'nvayuḥ paścādagrataśca sahasraśaḥ.

17. pañca nāgasahasrāṇi rathavaṃśāḥ ca
sarvaśaḥ padātayaḥ ca ye śūrāḥ
kārmukāsigadādharāḥ sahasraśaḥ
anvayuḥ paścāt agrataḥ ca sahasraśaḥ

17. pañca nāgasahasrāṇi ca sarvaśaḥ
rathavaṃśāḥ ca ye kārmukāsigadādharāḥ
śūrāḥ padātayaḥ sahasraśaḥ
paścāt ca sahasraśaḥ agrataḥ anvayuḥ

17. Five thousand elephants, and lines of chariots everywhere, as well as the brave foot soldiers who carried bows, swords, and maces—they followed in thousands, both behind and in front.

Words meanings summery:

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• नागसहस्राणि (nāgasahasrāṇi) - Five thousands of elephants, i.e., 5000 elephants. (thousands of elephants, elephant-thousands)

• रथवंशाः (rathavaṁśāḥ) - lines of chariots, chariots

• च (ca) - and, also

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - everywhere, in all directions, in every respect

• पदातयः (padātayaḥ) - foot soldiers, infantry

• च (ca) - and, also

• ये (ye) - Refers to the foot soldiers. (who, which)

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - Qualifies the foot soldiers. (brave, heroic, warriors)

• कार्मुकासिगदाधराः (kārmukāsigadādharāḥ) - bearers of bows, swords, and maces

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - in thousands, by thousands

• अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - they followed

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - behind, after, later

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, ahead, before

• च (ca) - and, also

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - in thousands, by thousands

Words meanings and morphology

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(indeclinable)

Cardinal numeral.

Note: Functions as a numeral adjective modifying 'nāgasahasrāṇi'.

नागसहस्राणि (nāgasahasrāṇi) - Five thousands of elephants, i.e., 5000 elephants. (thousands of elephants, elephant-thousands)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of nāgasahasra

nāgasahasra - a thousand of elephants

Tatpurusha compound: 'nāga' (elephant) + 'sahasra' (thousand).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpurusha (nāga+sahasra)

• nāga – snake, elephant, mountain
  noun (masculine)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the implied verb.

रथवंशाः (rathavaṁśāḥ) - lines of chariots, chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathavaṃśa

rathavaṁśa - line of chariots, multitude of chariots, chariot race

Tatpurusha compound: 'ratha' (chariot) + 'vaṃśa' (line, race, multitude).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpurusha (ratha+vaṃśa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vaṃśa – line, race, multitude, bamboo
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the implied verb.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - everywhere, in all directions, in every respect

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation with suffix -śas.

Note: Modifies 'rathavaṃśāḥ' (lines of chariots).

पदातयः (padātayaḥ) - foot soldiers, infantry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padāti

padāti - foot soldier, infantryman

Note: Subject of 'anvayuḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - Refers to the foot soldiers. (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Nominative plural masculine of the relative pronoun 'yad'.

Note: Introduces a relative clause modifying 'padātayaḥ'.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - Qualifies the foot soldiers. (brave, heroic, warriors)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, brave man, warrior

Root: śūr

Note: Qualifies 'padātayaḥ'.

कार्मुकासिगदाधराः (kārmukāsigadādharāḥ) - bearers of bows, swords, and maces

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kārmukāsigadādhara

kārmukāsigadādhara - bearing bows, swords, and maces

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'he who holds (dhara) bows (kārmuka), swords (asi), and maces (gadā)'. Dvandva within Bahuvrihi.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kārmuka+asi+gadā+dhara)

• kārmuka – bow (weapon)
  noun (neuter)
• asi – sword
  noun (masculine)
• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• dhara – bearing, holding, wearing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root dhṛ (to hold, bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'padātayaḥ'.

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - in thousands, by thousands

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation with suffix -śas.

Note: Modifies the verb 'anvayuḥ'.

अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - they followed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

Imperfect third plural

Root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'anu' (after, along) in Imperfect (laṅ), 3rd person plural, parasmaipada.

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject is the collection of elephants, chariots, and foot soldiers.

पश्चात् (paścāt) - behind, after, later

(indeclinable)

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, ahead, before

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from 'agra' (front) + suffix -tas.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - in thousands, by thousands

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation with suffix -śas.

Note: Modifies the verb 'anvayuḥ'.