महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-170, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
शृणु दुर्योधन कथां सहैभिर्वसुधाधिपैः ।
यदर्थं युधि संप्रेक्ष्य नाहं हन्यां शिखण्डिनम् ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
śṛṇu duryodhana kathāṁ sahaibhirvasudhādhipaiḥ ,
yadarthaṁ yudhi saṁprekṣya nāhaṁ hanyāṁ śikhaṇḍinam.

3. bhīṣma uvāca śṛṇu duryodhana kathām saha ebhiḥ vasudhādhipaiḥ
yadartham yudhi samprekṣya na aham hanyām śikhaṇḍinam

3. bhīṣma uvāca duryodhana ebhiḥ vasudhādhipaiḥ saha kathām
śṛṇu yadartham yudhi samprekṣya aham na hanyām śikhaṇḍinam

3. Bhishma said: "O Duryodhana, listen to this account, along with these rulers of the earth, regarding the reason why, even when seeing Shikhandin in battle, I will not slay him."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - O Duryodhana

• कथाम् (kathām) - Refers to Bhishma's explanation. (story, account, narrative)

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• एभिः (ebhiḥ) - Refers to the kings present. (with these)

• वसुधाधिपैः (vasudhādhipaiḥ) - with the rulers of the earth, with the kings

• यदर्थम् (yadartham) - for which purpose, why, wherefore

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - Refers to seeing Shikhandin in battle. (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

• न (na) - not, no

• अहम् (aham) - Referring to Bhishma. (I)

• हन्याम् (hanyām) - I would kill, I should kill

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a prominent character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root vac, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative active

root śru, imperative mood, 2nd person singular

Root: śru (class 5)

दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - O Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name, son of Dhritarashtra)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

कथाम् (kathām) - Refers to Bhishma's explanation. (story, account, narrative)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative, speech

Root: kath (class 10)

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

एभिः (ebhiḥ) - Refers to the kings present. (with these)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this (pronoun)

Note: Agrees with vasudhādhipaiḥ.

वसुधाधिपैः (vasudhādhipaiḥ) - with the rulers of the earth, with the kings

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vasudhādhipa

vasudhādhipa - ruler of the earth, king

Compound type : tatpurusha (vasudhā+adhipa)

• vasudhā – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Used with 'saha' and agrees with 'ebhiḥ'.

यदर्थम् (yadartham) - for which purpose, why, wherefore

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yad+artham)

• yad – which, what
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, cause
  noun (masculine)

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, war, fight

Root: yudh (class 4)

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - Refers to seeing Shikhandin in battle. (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

prefix sam + pra + root īkṣ + lyap suffix

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - Referring to Bhishma. (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

हन्याम् (hanyām) - I would kill, I should kill

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of han

optative active

root han, optative mood, 1st person singular

Root: han (class 2)

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandin (a warrior in the Mahabharata)