महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-163, verse-3

एतस्य रथवंशो हि तिग्मवेगप्रहारिणाम् ।
काम्बोजानां महाराज शलभानामिवायतिः ॥३॥

3. etasya rathavaṁśo hi tigmavegaprahāriṇām ,
kāmbojānāṁ mahārāja śalabhānāmivāyatiḥ.

3. etasya rathavaṃśaḥ hi tigma-vega-prahāriṇām
kāmbojānām mahārāja śalabhānām iva āyatiḥ

3. mahārāja,
etasya tigma-vega-prahāriṇām kāmbojānām rathavaṃśaḥ śalabhānām iva āyatiḥ hi.

3. O great king, the host of chariots of these Kambojas, who strike with fierce speed, is indeed like a swarm of locusts.

Words meanings summery:

• एतस्य (etasya) - of this one, his

• रथवंशः (rathavaṁśaḥ) - chariot line, multitude of chariots, chariot division

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• तिग्म-वेग-प्रहारिणाम् (tigma-vega-prahāriṇām) - of those striking with fierce speed

• काम्बोजानाम् (kāmbojānām) - of the Kambojas

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• शलभानाम् (śalabhānām) - of locusts, of grasshoppers

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आयतिः (āyatiḥ) - multitude, host, swarm, crowd, extension

Words meanings and morphology

एतस्य (etasya) - of this one, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the leader or force of the Kambojas.

रथवंशः (rathavaṁśaḥ) - chariot line, multitude of chariots, chariot division

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathavaṃśa

rathavaṁśa - lineage of chariots, host of chariots, chariot division

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+vaṃśa)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• vaṃśa – lineage, race, multitude, collection, host
  noun (masculine)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तिग्म-वेग-प्रहारिणाम् (tigma-vega-prahāriṇām) - of those striking with fierce speed

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tigma-vega-prahārin

tigma-vega-prahārin - one who strikes with sharp or fierce speed

Derived from the root 'hṛ' with prefix 'pra' and compound formation.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tigma+vega+prahārin)

• tigma – sharp, fierce, hot, keen
  adjective
• vega – speed, velocity, force
  noun (masculine)
• prahārin – striker, assailant, one who strikes
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Formed with suffix -in from pra-hṛ
  Prefix: pra
  Root: hṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'Kambojas'.

काम्बोजानाम् (kāmbojānām) - of the Kambojas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kāmboja

kāmboja - Kamboja (name of a people or country)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārājan

mahārājan - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Vocative singular of an n-stem noun.

शलभानाम् (śalabhānām) - of locusts, of grasshoppers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śalabha

śalabha - locust, grasshopper

Note: Used in comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating comparison.

आयतिः (āyatiḥ) - multitude, host, swarm, crowd, extension

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āyati

āyati - multitude, host, swarm, future, arrival, extension

Derived from the root 'yam' with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Used here to denote a vast number, similar to a swarm.