महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-163, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
सुदक्षिणस्तु काम्बोजो रथ एकगुणो मतः ।
तवार्थसिद्धिमाकाङ्क्षन्योत्स्यते समरे परैः ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sudakṣiṇastu kāmbojo ratha ekaguṇo mataḥ ,
tavārthasiddhimākāṅkṣanyotsyate samare paraiḥ.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca sudakṣiṇaḥ tu kāmbojaḥ rathaḥ ekaguṇaḥ
mataḥ tava arthasiddhiṃ ākāṅkṣan yotsyate samare paraiḥ

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tu kāmbojaḥ sudakṣiṇaḥ ekaguṇaḥ rathaḥ
mataḥ tava arthasiddhiṃ ākāṅkṣan samare paraiḥ yotsyate

1. Bhishma said: 'Sudakṣiṇa, the King of Kamboja, is indeed considered an exceptional charioteer. Desiring the success of your cause, he will fight the enemies in battle.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (a prominent character in the Mahabharata) (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• सुदक्षिणः (sudakṣiṇaḥ) - Sudakṣiṇa (name of the King of Kamboja) (Sudakṣiṇa (proper name), very skillful)

• तु (tu) - indeed, moreover (but, indeed, however)

• काम्बोजः (kāmbojaḥ) - the King of Kamboja (King of Kamboja, a native of Kamboja)

• रथः (rathaḥ) - charioteer, warrior (chariot, charioteer, warrior)

• एकगुणः (ekaguṇaḥ) - exceptional, uniquely qualified (having one quality, uniquely qualified, exceptional)

• मतः (mataḥ) - is considered (considered, thought, esteemed)

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (your, of you)

• अर्थसिद्धिं (arthasiddhiṁ) - the success of your cause/purpose (accomplishment of purpose, success, prosperity)

• आकाङ्क्षन् (ākāṅkṣan) - desiring (desiring, wishing for, aspiring to)

• योत्स्यते (yotsyate) - will fight

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• परैः (paraiḥ) - with the enemies (Pāṇḍavas) (by enemies, with others)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (a prominent character in the Mahabharata) (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a warrior), terrible, formidable

Note: The speaker.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular (reduplicated perfect)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Finite verb, introducing Bhishma's speech.

सुदक्षिणः (sudakṣiṇaḥ) - Sudakṣiṇa (name of the King of Kamboja) (Sudakṣiṇa (proper name), very skillful)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudakṣiṇa

sudakṣiṇa - Sudakṣiṇa (proper name), very skillful, very dexterous

Note: Subject of the sentence 'is considered'.

तु (tu) - indeed, moreover (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis or transition.

काम्बोजः (kāmbojaḥ) - the King of Kamboja (King of Kamboja, a native of Kamboja)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmboja

kāmboja - a native of Kamboja, the King of Kamboja

Note: Apposition to Sudakṣiṇa.

रथः (rathaḥ) - charioteer, warrior (chariot, charioteer, warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, charioteer, warrior (riding a chariot)

Note: Predicative nominative, qualifying Sudakṣiṇa.

एकगुणः (ekaguṇaḥ) - exceptional, uniquely qualified (having one quality, uniquely qualified, exceptional)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekaguṇa

ekaguṇa - having one (excellent) quality, uniquely qualified

Compound of 'eka' (one) and 'guṇa' (quality, excellence)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+guṇa)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral (masculine)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, excellence, virtue
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'sudakṣiṇaḥ' and 'rathaḥ'.

मतः (mataḥ) - is considered (considered, thought, esteemed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mata

mata - thought, considered, esteemed, opinion

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'man' (to think, believe) + suffix 'kta'

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Acts as a finite verb (implied 'asti'), agreeing with 'sudakṣiṇaḥ'.

तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Modifies 'arthasiddhim'.

अर्थसिद्धिं (arthasiddhiṁ) - the success of your cause/purpose (accomplishment of purpose, success, prosperity)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of arthasiddhi

arthasiddhi - accomplishment of purpose, success, prosperity

Compound of 'artha' (purpose, wealth) and 'siddhi' (accomplishment, success)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+siddhi)

• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
• siddhi – accomplishment, success, perfection, supernatural power
  noun (feminine)
  Root: sidh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'ākāṅkṣan'.

आकाङ्क्षन् (ākāṅkṣan) - desiring (desiring, wishing for, aspiring to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākāṅkṣ

ākāṅkṣ - to desire, to wish for, to aspire to

Present Active Participle

Formed from root 'kāṅkṣ' with upasarga 'ā'. Masculine nominative singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions adjectivally, describing Sudakṣiṇa.

योत्स्यते (yotsyate) - will fight

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of yudh

Future tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the latter clause.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

From 'sam' (together) + 'ṛ' (to go, to move), indicating a 'coming together'

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 1)

परैः (paraiḥ) - with the enemies (Pāṇḍavas) (by enemies, with others)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, supreme, enemy, hostile

Note: Indicates association or opposition in fighting ('with' or 'against').