महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-163, verse-21

गौतमस्य महर्षेर्य आचार्यस्य शरद्वतः ।
कार्त्तिकेय इवाजेयः शरस्तम्बात्सुतोऽभवत् ॥२१॥

21. gautamasya maharṣerya ācāryasya śaradvataḥ ,
kārttikeya ivājeyaḥ śarastambātsuto'bhavat.

21. gautamasya maharṣeḥ yaḥ ācāryasya śaradvataḥ
kārttikeyaḥ iva ajeyaḥ śarastambāt sutaḥ abhavat

21. gautamasya maharṣeḥ yaḥ ācāryasya śaradvataḥ
sutaḥ kārttikeyaḥ iva ajeyaḥ śarastambāt abhavat

21. From the lineage of the great sage Gautama, and as the son of the preceptor Śaradvat, a son was born from a clump of reeds who was unconquerable like Kārttikeya.

Words meanings summery:

• गौतमस्य (gautamasya) - of Gautama

• महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of the great sage

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that

• आचार्यस्य (ācāryasya) - of the preceptor, of the teacher

• शरद्वतः (śaradvataḥ) - of Sharadvat

• कार्त्तिकेयः (kārttikeyaḥ) - Kartikeya (Skanda, god of war)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अजेयः (ajeyaḥ) - unconquerable, invincible

• शरस्तम्बात् (śarastambāt) - from a clump of reeds

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - Kripa (son)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - was born (was, became, was born)

Words meanings and morphology

गौतमस्य (gautamasya) - of Gautama

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - Gautama (name of an ancient sage)

Note: Indicates lineage or relation.

महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of the great sage

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Śaradvat (implicitly).

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, that

Relative pronoun, masculine singular nominative.

Note: Refers to the son (Kripa), linking him to the preceding genitives.

आचार्यस्य (ācāryasya) - of the preceptor, of the teacher

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - preceptor, teacher

Prefix: ā

Root: car

Note: Qualifies Śaradvat.

शरद्वतः (śaradvataḥ) - of Sharadvat

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śaradvat

śaradvat - Sharadvat (name of a sage, father of Kripa)

Note: Father of Kripa.

कार्त्तिकेयः (kārttikeyaḥ) - Kartikeya (Skanda, god of war)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārttikeya

kārttikeya - Kartikeya (name of the god of war, son of Shiva, born from Krittikas)

Patronymic from Kṛttikā (Pleiades)

Note: Used for comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Kripa's prowess to Kartikeya's.

अजेयः (ajeyaḥ) - unconquerable, invincible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajeya

ajeya - unconquerable, invincible

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root ji (to conquer) with negative prefix a-.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jeya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• jeya – to be conquered
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sutaḥ'.

शरस्तम्बात् (śarastambāt) - from a clump of reeds

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śarastamba

śarastamba - clump of reeds

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+stamba)

• śara – reed, arrow
  noun (masculine)
• stamba – clump, tuft
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates origin.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - Kripa (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born

Past Passive Participle

From root sū (to beget).

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Refers to Kripa.

अभवत् (abhavat) - was born (was, became, was born)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Tense

Root verb 'bhū' (1st class), imperfect, 3rd person singular active.

Root: bhū (class 1)