महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-121, verse-8

आवृतं तमसा चेतः सर्वेषां स्वर्गवासिनाम् ।
येन त्वां नाभिजानन्ति ततोऽज्ञात्वासि पातितः ॥८॥

8. āvṛtaṁ tamasā cetaḥ sarveṣāṁ svargavāsinām ,
yena tvāṁ nābhijānanti tato'jñātvāsi pātitaḥ.

8. āvṛtam tamasā cetaḥ sarveṣām svargavāsinām yena
tvām na abhijānanti tataḥ ajñātvā āsi pātitaḥ

8. The minds of all the inhabitants of heaven were enveloped by darkness, due to which they did not recognize you. Therefore, not knowing (your greatness), you were cast down.

Words meanings summery:

• आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - enveloped (covered, enveloped, hidden)

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness (by darkness, by ignorance)

• चेतः (cetaḥ) - minds (mind, consciousness, heart)

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• स्वर्गवासिनाम् (svargavāsinām) - of the inhabitants of heaven (of those dwelling in heaven)

• येन (yena) - due to which (by which, by whom, because of which)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative))

• न (na) - not

• अभिजानन्ति (abhijānanti) - they recognize (they know, they recognize)

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore (thence, therefore, then)

• अज्ञात्वा (ajñātvā) - not knowing (not knowing, having not known)

• आसि (āsi) - you were

• पातितः (pātitaḥ) - cast down (caused to fall, cast down)

Words meanings and morphology

आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - enveloped (covered, enveloped, hidden)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, enveloped, hidden

Past Passive Participle

ā (prefix) + vṛ (to cover)

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with cetaḥ.

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness (by darkness, by ignorance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia

Root: tam (class 4)

चेतः (cetaḥ) - minds (mind, consciousness, heart)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cetas

cetas - mind, consciousness, heart, intellect

from root cit (to perceive, observe)

Root: cit (class 1)

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with svargavāsinām.

स्वर्गवासिनाम् (svargavāsinām) - of the inhabitants of heaven (of those dwelling in heaven)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of svargavāsin

svargavāsin - dweller in heaven, inhabitant of heaven

from svarga (heaven) + vāsin (dweller)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svarga+vāsin)

• svarga – heaven, celestial world
  noun (masculine)
• vāsin – dweller, inhabitant
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  from root vas (to dwell) + ṇini
  Root: vas (class 1)

येन (yena) - due to which (by which, by whom, because of which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

negative particle

अभिजानन्ति (abhijānanti) - they recognize (they know, they recognize)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of abhijñā

present active

from root jñā (to know) + abhi (prefix)

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore (thence, therefore, then)

(indeclinable)

from tad + tasi suffix

अज्ञात्वा (ajñātvā) - not knowing (not knowing, having not known)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

a (negative prefix) + jñā (to know) + ktvā

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñātvā)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• jñātvā – having known
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (Gerund)
  from root jñā (to know) + ktvā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

आसि (āsi) - you were

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of as

imperfect active

from root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

पातितः (pātitaḥ) - cast down (caused to fall, cast down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, thrown down, cast down

Past Passive Participle (causative)

from causative of root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'you' (Yayati).